D 658 
I . N6 N6 
Copy 1 



November, 1919 



Number 170 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 

NORTH CAROLINA 

RECORD 




Extension Series No. 35 



STATE RECONSTRUCTION STUDIES 

of the 

North Carolina Club 

at the 

University of North Carolina 

ISSUED MONTHLY 
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Postoffice at 
OHAPBL HILL, N. 0. 



^'^-c^.a,n 



The University of North Carolina 



Maximum Service to the People of the State 



REGULAR INSTRUCTION for students in accounting, 
Foreign Trade, Banking, Transportation, Political Econ- 
omy, Business Law, Electrical Engineering, Chemical 
Engineering, Highway Engineering, Soil Inrestigation, 
Journalism, Social Science, Gorernment, Education, Music, 
and all subjects embraced in the College of Liberal Arts, 
the Schools of Applied Science, Law, Medicine, Pharmacy, 
Commerce, and the Graduate School. 

SPECIAL INSTRUCTION for teachers and those pre- 
paring to teach in subjects offered by the School of Edu- 
cation and the Summer School. 

MILITARY INSTRUCTION under the direction of the 
faculty and the United States War Department for students 
in a regular Reserve Officers' Training Corps. 

GENERAL INSTRUCTION for tlie public through the 
following departments of the Bureau of Extension: (1) 
General Information; (2) Lectures and Study Centers; (3) 
Home Study Courses; (4) Pebate and Declamation; (6) 
County Economic and Social* Surveys; (6) Municipal Ref- 
erence; (7) Educational, .'Xiiformation and Assistance; 
(8) Women's Club Activities; (9) Country Home Comforts 
and Conveniences. 



WRITE TO THE UNIVERSITY WHEN YOU NEED HELP, 



For further information, address 
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITERSITY, 
Chapel Hill, N. C. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 

NORTH CAROLINA 

RECORD 



NOVEMBER, 1919 
NUMBER 170 




;■< «•' 



State Reconstruction Studies of the North Garohna 
Club at the University of North Carolina 



Faculty Committee on Extension 
Louis R. Wilson L. A. Wiixiams C. L. Rapeb 

N. W. Walker J. H. Hanford E. C. Branson 

M. C. S. Noble E. R. Rankin P. H. Daggbtt 

D. D. Carroll E. W. Knight 



CHAPEL HILL 
Pdblished bi The University 
1919 



The Bureau of Extension of the University 
of North Carolina 



The University of North Carolina through its Bureau of Extension 
offers to the people of the State: 

I. GENEatAL Infoemation: 

Concerning books, readings, essays, study outlines, and subjects 
of general interest. Literature will be loaned from the Li- 
brary upon the payment of transportation charges each way. 

II. Instruction by Lectures: 

Popular or technical lectures, series of lectures for clubs or 
study centers, and addresses for commencement or other 
special occasions will be furnished any community which 
will pay the traveling expenses of the lecturer. 

III. HoM£ Study Courses: 

For teachers in educational subjects and for the general public 
in elementary, high school, and college branches. 

IV. Guidance in Deibate and Declamation: 

Through the High School Debating Union, special bulletins and 
handbooks, and material loaned from the Library. 

V. County Economic and Social Surveys: 

For use by counties in their effort to improve their economic 
and social condition. 

VI. Municipal Reference Aids: 

For use in studying and drafting municipal legislation and 
assistance in municipal government. 

VII. Educational Information and Assistance: 

For teachers, principals, superintendents, school committees and 
boards. 

VIII. Club Study Outlines: 

For members of women's clubs or civic organizations pursuing 
special lines of study. 

IX. Information Concerning Country Home CoNVsaf iences : 
For rural homes in North Carolina. 

For full information, address 

THE BUREAU OF EXTENSION, 

Chapeh:. Hill, N. C. 



State Reconstruction Studies 

OF THE 

NORTH CAROLINA CLUB 

AT THE 

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 
1919-1920 




ETery man is the State at every moment, whether m daily 
toil or social intercourse, and thus the state itself with its 
myriad-memhered life is expressing itself as tnily in its 
humblest citizen as in its supreme assembly. Every man 
sharing in the creative process is democracy. 

The State is not the servant of the people. The State must 
be the people before it can reach a liigh degree of accomplish- 
ment. A g?eat forward policy which shall follow the collective 
will— a collective will embodied in onr State and in our lite 
-is the basis of a progress yet umlreamed of. ^I'^n we can 
give up the notion of our individual rights we shall have 
taken the longest step foi-ward in our history. We shall 
have democracy only when we learn to develop the collective 
will through group organization— when young men are no 
longer lectured to on democracy, but when they are made 
into the stuff of democracy. 

Democracy means that we must live the group l^^e-not the 
herd life nor the crowd life nor the mob life nor the class 
life, but the integrated group life. To learn how to develop 
the social will day by day with his neighbors and fellow 
workers is what the world is demanding of every individual 
today. Herein lies the solution of our problems— state, na- 
tional and international. 

Until we learn this lesson war cannot stop, no constructive 
work can be done. The very essence and substance of de- 
mocracy is the creating of the coUective ^"- ,™««t J^J 
activity the forms of democracy are useless, and the aims ot 
democracy are always unfulfUled. Without this activity both 
political and industrial democracy must be a chaotic, stag- 
nating, self-stultifying assemblage. Many of the solutions 
offered today for our social problems are vitiated by their 
mechanical Lture, by assuming that if society we^e f^^J,^ 
new form, the socialistic for instance, ^^at we desire would 
follow. But tills assumption is not true. The deeper truth, 
perhaps the deepest, is that the will to will the common will 
is the core, the germinating centre of that large, still larger, 
ever larger life which we are coming to call the true democ- 
racy.— M. P. Follett, in The New State. 



Table of Contents 

Page 

Foreword Y 

1. The State Reconstruction Commission 9 

2. The Layout of Commission Work 12 

3. Fields of Commission Committees 15 

4. The North Carolina Club I9 

5. Club Studies in State Reconstruction, with Bibliographies: 

(1) Reconstruction Problems and State Reports. June 4, 

1920 21 

6. Public Education. November 10, 1919 24 

7. Public Health. November 24, 1919 29 

8. Transportation and Communication. December 8, 1919 32 

9. Home and Farm Ownership. January 12, 1920 35 

10. Race Relationships. January 26, 1920 39 

11. Public Welfare. February 9, 23. and March 8, 1920 41 

12. Organized Life and Business: 

(1) Corporate Organization, March 29, 1920 47 

(2) Co-operative Organization. April 19, 1920 50 

(3) Social and Civic Organization. May 3, 1920 51 

13. Civic Reforms, State and Local: 

(1) State Problems. May 17, 1920 54 

(2) County Problems. May 31, 1920 56 



THE COMMON PROBLEM 

Robert Browning. 

The common problem, yours, mine, everyone's, 
Is not to fancy what were fair in life. 
Provided it could be—but finding first 
What may be, find how to make it fair 
Up to our means. 



FOREWORD 

The North Carolina Club at the University of North Carolina has 
been busy during the last five years studying the economic, social 
and civic problems of the home state. Its published Year Books to 
date are (1) North Carolina: Resources, Advantages and Opportuni- 
ties, 93 pp., (2) Wealth and Welfare in North Carolina, 140 pp., and 
(3) County Government and County Affairs in North Carolina, 188 pp. 

The Club is a volunteer organization of students and faculty mem- 
bers — at present, 13 faculty members and 105 students, representing 
46 counties. 

State Reconstruction Studies 

This year the North Carolina Club is working a-team with the State 
Reconstruction Commission of twenty-five members appointed by Gov- 
ernor T. W. Bickett in early October. The fields of investigation by 
the Commission and the Club are identical. The layout of work by 
special committees is the same in both organizations. The committee 
work of the commission will be done by men of affairs in the State- 
at-large; in the Club it is being done by university students alone, 
aided by the faculty members specially chosen by the various com- 
mittees. The chairman of the steering committee of the club was 
appointed by the Governor as a member of the commission, and the 
president of the club was unanimously elected an unofficial member at 
the first meeting of the commission on October 28. On the same date 
the chairmen of the club committees were invited to sit in with the 
commission committees as they meet from time to time after the 
Christmas holidays. This high honor was accorded the club in a mo- 
tion made by Hon. W. N. Everett, of Rockingham, as follows: 

"Because the North Carolina Club at the University has for five years 
been giving concentrated, detailed attention to the economic, social, 
and civic concerns of the home state, and is unique therefore in this 
and every other State of the Union, it is 

"Moved: That the club be declared eligible to elect from its mem- 
bership of students one unofficial delegate to the State Reconstruction 
Commission and one delegate to each of the commission committees, 
to sit with this commission and its committees, and to learn further 
about the problems of the state at first hand." 

A Rare Distinction 

Here is a unique situation. Never before in the history of colleges 
and universities, so far as we know, have young men busy mastering 



8 State Eeconsteuction Studies 

great subjects within campus walls been given the opportunity to come 
face to face with great situations in a commonwealth at a critical 
era in its life, to sit at the feet of their elders in the world of men 
and affairs, to learn at first hand of the work-a-day problems of a 
state, and thus to relate culture to citizenship and learning to life. 
It is an epoch-making experience for these young men. What they 
will now contribute to a state reconstruction program may be neg- 
ligible; but what they will derive from this unique working relation- 
ship may not Impossibly be an asset of large proportions for the state 
when they come into public life and leadership in the years ahead. 

The WorMng Program 

The body of this bulletin will consist of the program of the State 
Commission as it has been organized by the club for its work during 
the present college year. The details show (1) the fields of investi- 
gation and the special committees, and (2) the bibliographies of ma- 
terial ready at hand in the seminar room of the department of rural 
social science at the University. These committees render tentative 
reports as per the schedule dates of the club, but they are continuing 
committees and their final matured reports will be surrendered to the 
collaboration committee of the club on May 31. Meanwhile they hold 
sessions of their own and as many as they choose, in order to turn in 
at last such reports as represent wisdom, justice, and moderation on 
the highest levels possible to youth and immaturity. 

I may say in conclusion that the bibliographies are not intended to 
cover these great subjects in complete schematic sort; they merely 
bring to our club members the material that is already at hand and 
best worth the while of busy students whose spare time is small in 
the rush of a college year. 

E. C. BRANSON, Chairman, 
Steering Committee of the North Carolina Club. 

Chapel Hill, N. C, December 24, 1919. 



North Cabolina Club, U. of N. C. 9 

CHAPTER I 
The State Reconstruction Commission 

The personnel of the State Reconstruction Commission appointed 
by Governor T. "W. Bickett in early October is as follows: 

C. F. Tomlinson, manufacturer, High Point; Julius Cone, manu- 
facturer, Greensboro; Charles C. Page, labor representative, Raleigh; 
W. H. Newell, railroad official, Rocky Mount; W. L. Poteat, college 
president. Wake Forest; C. F. Harvey, merchant and banker, Kins- 
ton; C. B. Armstrong, manufacturer, Gastonia; E. C. Branson, teacher. 
Chapel Hill; Archibald Johnson, editor, Thomasville; J. Bryan Grimes, 
farmer and state officer, Raleigh; J. 0. Carr, lawyer, Wilmington; 
H. R. Starbuck, judge and lawyer, Winston-Salem; Clarence Clark, 
farmer and merchant, Clarkton; Cyrus Thompson, physician, Jack- 
sonville; J. F. Diggs, farmer, Rockingham; R. W. Christian, farmer, 
Fayetteville ; James H. Pou, lawyer, Raleigh; A. L. Brooks, lawyer, 
Greensboro; Gilbert T. Stephenson, lawyer and banker, Winston- 
Salem; Fred L. Seeley, business man, Asheville; B. F. Eagles, farmer, 
Macclesfield; E. C. Duncan, banker, Raleigh; W. C. Ruffin, manufac- 
turer, Mayodan; E. S. Parker, lawyer, Graham; W. N. Everett, manu- 
facturer and merchant, Rockingham. 

Chairman, Governor T. W. Bickett; Secretary, and Chairman of the 
Steering Committee, E. C. Branson. 

Commission Organization 

Governor Bickett requested the State Reconstruction Commission 
to hold its first meeting in the Senate Chamber in Raleigh on October 
28. He asked each of the twenty-five members, who represent every 
class of our citizenship, to prepare and bring with them to the initial 
meeting written suggestions relative to the work the commission 
should undertake to do. 

In the meantime, on the Governor's request. Dr. E. C. Branson, a 
member of the faculty of the University of North Carolina, prepared 
a tentative working program for the commission's consideration, as 
follows: 

In the first place. Dr. Branson, who is himself a member of the 
commission, would have that body consider the reasons for its own 
existence. These are, he says: (1) the quickening effects of the world 
war, which fundamentally are (a) the accelerated cityward drift of 
country populations, decreasing labor in our farm regions, and labor 



JlO State Reconstruction Sttjdies 

unrest in our industrial centers, (b) the enormous increase in prices 
received by producers of primary and secondary wealth, and the tragic 
high cost of living, in city centers in particular, (c) inflated currency, 
inflated credit, real and pseudo prosperity, the widespread mania of 
extravagance, the necessity for increased production, increased thrift, 
and a noble use of our wealth, (d) the sudden expansion of the mental 
horizon of the masses, and their manifest willingness to consider the 
large concerns of democracy— taxation, education, health, highways, 
and civic reforms, along with the final values of life, (e) the rising 
tide of race antagonism; and (2) the economic, social, and civic ad- 
justments necessary in the days at hand and ahead, due to these 
foundational disturbances. 

In the second place, the commission, in his opinion, should arrange 
to take stock of our resources, agencies and institutions — their values 
and deficiencies, opportunities and possibilities, in order to determine 
definite base lines of progress for the future; to prepare a compact 
body of wisely determined principles, policies and plans for safe com- 
monwealth development — all in view of the fact that the development 
of a state is an organic process and not a mechanical program; to 
present to the state what is ideally desirable but also what is rea- 
sonably possible, the characteristic genius of our people considered. 
In short, to supplant aimless drift with reasoned progress, to the end 
that North Carolina can speedily be a cleaner place for children to 
be born in, a safer place for boys and girls to grow up in, a happier 
place for men and women to live in, and a more joyous place for 
departing souls to look back upon. 

Progi'am of Work 

Touching on the machinery of the commission, and going more 
into detail with reference to the work ahead of it. Dr. Branson would 
have the chairman appoint and instruct appropriate committees, 
(a) to consider particular phases of life and business in North Caro- 
lina, (b) to hold separate committee sessions, (c) to call into con- 
sultation at such meeting the thinkers and leaders of the state, and 
(d) to report definite committee findings to the commission when 
called upon, the full and final report of the commission as a whole to 
be given to the state at the earliest possible date. 

These committees, if they follow Dr. Branson's suggestions, in all 
their deliberations will wisely keep in mind the fact that North Caro- 
lina is dominantly a rural state, that ten years ago it was being 
urbanized more rapidly than thirty-six other states in the Union, and 
even more rapidly during the war period, and that, therefore, every 
problem each committee considers has a threefold aspect — agricul- 
tural, industrial and urban. 



North Cakolina Cltjb, U. of N. C. 11 

The following committees seem to Dr. Branson to box the compass 
of fundamental state concerns: (1) Public Education, (2) Public Health, 
(3) Transportation and Communication, (4) Home and Farm Owner- 
ship, (5) Economic, Social and Civic Organization, (6) Race Rela- 
tions, (7) Public Welfare, (8) Civic Reforms, State and local, and 
(9) a Collaboration Committee whose duty it is to receive the reports 
of other committees and to organize them into compact form for the 
final consideration of the commission as a whole. — The Winston- 
Salem Journal. 

The commission was organized on October 28, as follows: Chair- 
man, Governor T. W. Bickett; Secretary, E. C. Branson; Steering 
Committee, C. F. Harvey, Charles C. Page, E. S. Parker, James H. 
Pou, and E. C. Branson, Chairman. 

The working committees are to be appointed by the Governor at 
his convenience. 



12 State Reconstruction Studies 

CHAPTER II 
The Layout of Commission Work 

The report of the steering committee was unanimously adopted by 
the commission at its first session. It called for (1) an immediate 
statement by the Governor on the pressing necessities of the present 
hour, and (2) a more elaborate report by the commission at a later 
date on the needs of North Carolina in the near future. 

The Governor on the Needs of the Hour 

The State Reconstruction Commission created by the General As- 
sembly of 1919, is impressed that the work before the commission 
falls naturally into two divisions: 

1. The pressing necessities of the present hour. 

2. The needs of the near future. 

The comprehensive work the commission proposes to do will be 
taken up by committees and reports will be made to the full commis- 
sion. The commission will then make specific findings in regard to 
the several subjects under consideration and these will be given to the 
public. 

The commission is deeply impressed that there can be no real im- 
provement in the present situation until our people shall hark back 
to the homely virtues of industry, economy, and faith in our fellow 
men. We call attention to one of the most recent utterances of Presi- 
dent Wilson: 

Only by keeping the cost of production on its present level, by in- 
creasing production and by rigid economy and saving on the part of 
the people can we hope for large decreases in the burdensome cost of 
living which now weighs us dovm. 

To Curtail Livinpf Costs 

1. Work. This is essential to increased production of the necessities 
of life, and increased production is the only way to curtail the present 
excessive high cost of living. 

We call your attention further to the most recent utterance of 
Mr. Herbert Hoover, who has studied the subject more profoundly 
than any other living man, and he says: 

It must be founded, too, upon the fundamental fact that every sec- 
tion of this nation, the farmer, the industrial worker, the professional 
man, the employer, are all absolutely interdependent upon each other 



North Carolina Cltjb, U. of N. C. 13 

in this task of maximum production and the better distribution of its 
results. It must be founded upon the maximum exertion of every 
individual within his physical ability, and upon the reduction of waste, 
nationally and individually. 

2. Economy. In the excitement incident to the war, and the intoxi- 
cation induced by much new money, economy has become a lost art 
and frugality a forgotten virtue. In the face of the crisis that now 
confronts us, waste is a crime and improvidence savors of insanity. 
The commission urges the people to practice the most rigid economy in 
personal expenditures and the greatest caution in making investments. 
If one is not absolutely sure that an investment is sound let him buy a 
Liberty Bond and our judgment is that the dollar thus invested will, 
in the not distant future, greatly increase in purchasing power. 

Invest in Livestock 

We urge the farmers to invest in pure bred livestock, in farming 
implements that will multiply man power and horse power, in water 
and light systems that will decrease the burdens and increase the 
joys of home life. 

We submit that it is not an ideal time to buy an automobile. It 
will be entirely safe to "bide a wee." Our conviction is that in a few 
years you can buy the same machine for about half the money it now 
costs, and in the meantime one will not be burdened with the cost of 
up-keep. 

Inflated Land Values 

In some sections land values are inflated. If one can pay cash for 
land it is nearly always a good investment, as he will have the land 
and be delivered from the temptation of squandering surplus money. 
If one can pay one-half cash it will be fairly safe to invest in land, 
but if one is able to pay only a small sum down and agrees to pay 
a fancy price for land at present values he may be hanging a mill 
stone around his neck. Again we say, if in doubt buy a Liberty Bond. 
In this there can be no mistake. Liberty Bonds to the amount of two 
hundred and fifty dollars per horse ought to be a part of the perma- 
nent equipment of every farm. 

Class Feeling Mnst Go 

3. Faith in Our Fellows. The times call for faith in our fellows as 
never before. We must get rid of suspicion and envy and distrust, and 
all classes and conditions of people must work together in a spirit of 
mutual helpfulness. We need the elbow touch that our boys had in the 



14 State Reconstkuction Studies 

trenches and that made them invincible when they faced the foe. Class 
feeling is the mortal enemy of civilization. Government by groups 
would surely and early destroy this Republic. 

A living, working faith in the fatherhood of God and the brother- 
hood of man will carry us far in the happy solution of the industrial 
problems that now disturb and distress the nation. 

4. During the era of readjustment and reconstruction we ought not 
to be harassed by hordes of ignorant foreigners who have no knowl- 
edge of and little sympathy with American ideals and institutions. 
We need to be free from these troublesome strangers while we are 
putting our house in order. Therefore we urge our representatives in 
Congress to secure the passage of a law prohibiting immigration for 
at least a period of five years. 

Oorernment Fertilizer Aid 

5. The farmers will need next year fertilizers to increase produc- 
tion. The proper kind and amount cannot be obtained without aid 
from the Government in transportation facilities, and we urge our 
officials, state and federal, to take instant action to secure such gov- 
ernmental aid. 

6. We are facing a coal famine, and we cannot too strongly urge 
upon individuals and communities the supreme necessity for laying 
in wood supplies. To fail to do so will be criminal negligence. Begin 
at once and don't stop until the wood house is full. 

No Room for Despair 

A last word: 

While the general situation calls for serious thought, for prudent 
foresight, for the exercise of the cardinal virtues upon which we have 
builded this nation, we find no room for despair. The whole world 
has been hard hit. For four years all the thought and the energies 
of the world have been devoted to processes of destruction. We may 
not hope to react from such a calamity in a day, but the forces of 
growth that yesterday were prostrate under the heels of war are 
today on their feet. They grope, they stumble, but the general course 
is forward and upward. Let us all thank God for a truly great de- 
liverance, and face the future unafraid. — Governor T. W. Bickett. 



NoKTH Carolina Club, TJ. of N". C. 15 

CHAPTER III 
Fields of Committee Work 

The fields of investigation to be covered by commission committees 
for a later more elaborate report upon the needs of North Carolina in 
the near future are as follows: 

1. Pablic Edncation 

1. Public school support and policies, covering elementary schools, 
high schools, technical schools, and schools of liberal arts. 

2. Illiteracy and near-illiteracy, (a) the facts and their signi- 
cance, (b) policies and methods of attack. 

3. Vocational education for farm, factory, and urban popula- 
tions: (a) Survey of our needs, (b) vocational educational agencies, 
activities, and results in North Carolina, (c) the special importance 
of farm vocational education and the necessity for country teacher- 
ages. 

4. Teacher training: (a) The necessity for increased agencies and 
facilities, (b) policies and plans. 

2. PubUc HealOi 

1. County health departments, whole-time health officers, and pub- 
lic health nurses. 

2. County or county-group hospitals (public) and why. 

3. Health and sanitation as required subjects in all schools receiving 
state aid. 

4. Wholesome recreation, town and country. 

3. Transportation and Commnnicatiou 

1. State highway policies. 

2. Motor truck freight lines, country parcel post routes, and inter- 
urban electric railways. 

3. Our railroad situation and its disadvantages; freight rate prob- 
lems and solutions; waterways and port facilities. 

4. Country telephone systems; number and locations in North Caro- 
lina; university aid in country telephone development. 

4. Home and Farm Ownership 

1. The facts and their fundamental significance, as related to ro- 
bust personality, family integrity, responsible citizenship, industrial 
stability, and democracy under law and order. 



16 State Reconstruction Studies 

2. Country home conveniences and comforts; university aid. 

3. A progressive land tax (a) with low rates on improvements, 
higher rates on land, and still higher rates on land held out of pro- 
ductive use for speculative rises in value, (b) with exemptions or low 
rates on small properties while occupied and operated or used by the 
owners, as in New Zealand and elsewhere. 

0. Race Relationships 

1. The program of the Southern Sociological Conference and the 
Congress of Governors — the Southern view. 

2. The program of the Federal Council tf the Churches of Christ in 
America — the detached view. 

3. The program of the National Association for Negro Advance- 
ment — the negro view. 

6. PubUc Welfare 

1. Child welfare in North Carolina: (a) Legislation, agencies, and 
activities at present, (b) Conditions of success, (c) Further needs — 
in legislation, in reform school facilities for wayward boys and girls 
of both races, in child-placing agencies adequately supported, properly 
officered and functioned, (d) Mothers' pensions wisely conditioned. 

2. Child delinquency, town and country; the juvenile court, proba- 
tion problems, detention homes, etc. 

3. The defectives and dependents of the state. 

4. Volunteer social allies, the necessity for these in multiplied 
number. 

5. Jail conditions, abuses, and remedies; prison camps and chain 
gangs, etc. 

6. The state-farm plan of dealing with convicted misdemeanants, 
as in Indiana. 

7. Penitentiary policies: (a) road building, farming, and other pro- 
ductive work by penitentiary convicts, under state supervision and 
for state purposes only, (b) reasonable compensation for the same In 
behalf of the convict's dependent family, (c) emphasis on the inde- 
terminate sentence and the parole, (d) vocational schooling, etc. 

8. Mill village problems: (a) the labor turnover, the facts, causes, 
and remedies, (b) thrift and home ownership, (c) health conditions 
in homes and factories, (d) safety devices, working men's compensa- 
tion, insurance, etc., (e) playground outfits, public-health nurses, hos- 
pital facilities, kindergartens, nurseries, etc. 

9. Child labor: (a) the facts in North Carolina; the laws, state and 
federal; conclusions, (b) compulsory education, and effective voca- 
tional mill village schools — a type of education never yet worked out 
in southern mill villages. 



North Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 17 

7. Organized Business and Life 

1. Corporate Organization. Problems confronting capital: (1) labor 
unrest — causes, extent, and intensity, (2) labor unions, labor demands, 
strike settlements in Charlotte, High Point, Albemarle, and else- 
where, (3) the National Industrial Conferences in Washington, (4) the 
way out, state and national, (5) Government ownership of public 
utilities, (6) private ownership, development, and operation of small 
water powers for community and domestic uses. 

2. Co-operative Organization — a new form of business organization 
sanctioned by law: (1) distinctive characteristics; origin, forms, ex- 
tent at present; conditions opposed to rapid development in America; 
significance and outlook; (2) co-operative credit unions in North 
Carolina, which leads the Union, and why; co-operative production and 
distribution under state law and supervision, as, for instance, the 
state cotton warehouse system; (3) declaration of principles, policies, 
and plans. 

3. Social organization — meaning collective volunteer effort for com- 
munity self-expression, self-direction, self-protection, culture, recrea- 
tion, and the like — clubs of all sorts, community houses, law and 
order leagues, etc.; or to confer common benefits, as associated char- 
ities, public welfare allies, school betterment associations, etc.: (a) 
relatively numerous and active in our towns and cities; almost non- 
existent in our rural regions among some 18 hundred thousand people, 
and why; (b) the ills of social insulation and the cure; (c) the social 
significance of community fairs, county school commencements and 
the like; (d) the social unit plan of democratic development, as in 
Cincinnati; (e) other remedial agencies and measures. 

4. Civic organization; (a) the city, a stupendous modern phenome- 
non; creative causes and consequent ills; (b) the rapid urbanization 
of North Carolina, the facts, the causes, the relation to developing in- 
dustrial life, social stability, law and order, (c) commission govern- 
ment, the city-manager plan, the short ballot, etc.; (d) the problems 
of family integrity, community health and wholesome recreation, and 
so on. 

8. Civic Reforms, State and Lo(;al 

1. State Problems: 

(1) A budget bureau and an executive budget, as in South Carolina, 
Virginia, and thirty-seven other states. 

(2) A state purchasing agent, as in Michigan and other states. 

(3) Uniform departmental and institutional accounting, as in Michi- 
gan and other states. 

(4) The consolidation of state boards, bureaus, and commissions, as 
in Illinois and Massachusetts. 

2 



18 State Reconstruction Studies 

(5) The Australian ballot as in forty-six states; our state primary 
laws. 

(6) A state constabulary as in Texas, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, 
New York. 

2. Local Problems: 

(1) Unified county government under responsible headship; county 
budgets. 

(2) Uniform county accounting and reporting, as in Ohio, Indiana, 
and other states. 

(3) The state-wide auditing of county accounts, as a bureau of the 
state auditor's office, as in Florida, Ohio, Minnesota, Massachusetts, 
Wyoming, and other states. 

(4) A definitive extension of local self-rule, under state conditions, 
regulation, and supervision. 

(5) Our township incorporation law, and our community organiza- 
tion bureau; policies and plans, etc. 



^NToETH Carolina Club, U. of N". C. 19 

CHAPTER IV 
The North Carolina Club 

The work of the North Carolina Club at the State University is this 
year following the lead of the State Reconstruction Commission and 
its committees. A working relationship with the commission was 
voted to the club on October 28, and Mr. J. V. Baggett, the club presi- 
dent, was elected as an unofficial member of the State Reconstruction 
Commission. The chairmen of the club committees were invited to sit 
with the commission committees. These are the students who will 
bring back to the club from time to time the wisdom of the commis- 
sion and the commission committees. 

The club members thus honored are the pick of the club member- 
ship. 

Each club committee chairman has chosen his cabinet of conferees, 
laid out committee work, and is holding committee meetings at will, 
and passing on to the club on stated schedule dates such committee 
findings as the committee thinks are fundamentally necessary to 
progress under the new order of things in North Carolina. 

Each committee is set to the task of puzzling out and stating 
What is, What ought to be, and What possibly may be in North 
Carolina. It goes without saying that no proposal, policy, or plan 
will avail unless it grips the common sense of the common man of the 
commonwealth. 

The Club Program 

The worlc of the North Carolina Club as a whole will be spent upon 
hammering out a State Reconstruction Program that will evidence 
a decent respect for the opinions of mankind. This document will be 
finally fashioned for club approval by the collaboration committee, 
after the reports and findings of the various club committees are ren- 
dered as per the adopted schedule. It will be the subject of the final 
club session June 4, 1920. 

Its 1919-20 year-book will bear the title of a Program of State Re- 
construction by the North Carolina Club. It will doubtless evidence 
the imperfections of youth, but it will at least express the judgments 
of a thoughtful group of young students about what is and what 
safely can be in North Carolina. 

The working relationship with the leaders of the State will un- 
doubtedly be an epoch-making experience for the members of the 
North Carolina Club. What richer chapter of quickening culture is 
ever likely to fall to these young men? 



20 State Reconstruction Studies 

The Club Organization 

This North Carolina Club is organized for work in 1919-20, with 
officers as follows: 

President, J. V. Baggett; Secretary, Miss Ernestine Noa. 

Steering Committee: E. C. Branson, Chairman; D. D. Carroll, C. L. 
Raper, S. H. Hobbs, Jr., A. M. Coates, and W. E. Price. 

Publicity Committee: Lenoir Chambers, Chairman; C. A. Hibbard. 
Miss Ernestine Noa, W. H. Andrews, Jr., and G. D. Crawford. 

Membership Committee: G. D. Crawford, Chairman; S. H. Hobbs, 
Jr., W. H. Andrews, Jr., J. V. Baggett, F. P. Graham, Mrs. M. H. Stacy, 
and Miss Ernestine Noa. 

Student life on an American college campus is so intense, the work- 
ing schedule so crowded, the interest in marks so overwhelming, and 
the leisure time of students so pre-occupied with athletics and social 
events that college men do not easily or often climb up and peep over 
the rim of the campus bowl into the affairs of the big wide world 
where in a year or two they will rise or fall according to their com- 
petent acquaintance with life in the large, and their power of mas- 
tery over themselves and the situations that confront them. 

Nevertheless, at the University of North Carolina a little group of 
some fifty students and faculty members has for five years met on 
fortnightly Monday nights to study intensively the economic, social, 
and civic problems of the home state. Their club year-books bear 
the following titles: (1) The Resources, Advantages and Opportuni- 
ties of North Carolina, (2) Wealth and Welfare in North Carolina, 
and (3) County Government and County Affairs in North Carolina. 
It is a unique body of state literature. There is nothing else like it in 
any state of the Union. 

The chapters that follow exhibit the bibliographies of selected 
books, bulletins, reports, clippings, and the like, arranged according 
to the schedule adopted for committee investigations and findings; 
also the Club Program for the year — the committees, the fields of 
committee investigation, and the dates of committee hearings by the 
club. 



JNToRTH Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 21 

CHAPTER V 
State Reconstruction Studies 

A chapter exhibiting (1) the suggested outlines for club committee 
investigations, to be expanded or contracted as may be deemed wise 
by the various committees, (2) bibliographies of selected books, bul- 
letins, press clippings, and the like, accumulated in the seminar room 
of the department of rural social science at the University of North 
Carolina, and ready at hand for club and commission committees, and 
(3) the club committees, with the dates of their tentative reports to 
the club. The final reports of the club committees will be surrendered 
to the club on May 31, 1920; and on June 4, the collaboration com- 
mittee of the club will render a final Program of State Reconstruction 
for club discussion and adoption. 

The Subject in General 

Problems of Reconstruction — Isaac Lippincott. Macmillan Com- 
pany, New York. 340 pp. 

Reconstructing America: Our Next Big Job — Edward Wildman. 
The Page Company, Boston. 422 pp. 

The New State — M. P. Follett. Longmans, Green and Company, 
New York. 373 pp. 

American Problems of Reconstruction — Edited by Elisha M. Fried- 
man. E. P. Button Company, New York. 492 pp. 

Democracy in Reconstruction — Edited by Frederick A. Cleveland 
and Joseph Schafer. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 506 pp. 

Some Phases of What is Called Reconstruction — Wm. C. Redfield. 
Secretary of Commerce. Press Service, June 11, 1919. 

Evolution of Industrial Society — R. T. Ely. Macmillan Company. 
New York. 489 pp. 

The British Revolution and American Democracy — Norman Angell. 
B. W. Huebsch, 225 Fifth Avenue, New York. 319 pp. 

Modern and Contemporaneous European History— J. Salwyn Scha- 
piro. Houghton Miffln Company, Boston. 766 pp. 

Report of the British Ministry on Reconstruction — University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 338.02. 

Lloyd George's Program for England — Ibid. 

Emergency Problems in England — Sir Guy Granet. A newspaper 
interview. The New York Times, October 26, 1919. 

Social Reconstruction — Reconstruction Pamphlet No. 1, January, 
1919. National Catholic War Council, Washington, D. C. 24 pp. 



22 State Reconstruction Studies 

The Church and Social Reconstruction, Federal Council of the 
Churches of Christ in America — The Survey, August 2, 1919. 112 
East Nineteenth Street, New York. 5 pp. 

Christianity in the New Age — E. Herman. Funk and Wagnalls 
Company, New York. 262 pp. 

Social Christianity in the New Era — Chaplain Thos. Tiplady. Mac- 
millan Company, 

Fear God in Your Own Village — Richard Morse. Henry Holt and 
Company, New York. 212 pp. 

Religious Education and American Democracy — Walter Scott 
Athearn. Pilgrim Press, Boston. 394 pp. 

The Farmer and the New Day — Kenyon L. Butterfield. Macmillan 
Company, New York. 311 pp. 

Reconstruction Numbers of The Survey, April 12, May 24, May 31, 
June 7, June 21, October 4, 1919— The Survey, 112 East Nineteenth 
Street, New York. 

Outline Studies in Reconstruction Problems — Association Press, 

347 Madison Avenue, New York. 

Outline Studies of the Reconstruction Period — Federal Council of 
the Churches of Christ in America, 105 East Twenty-second Street, 
New York. 39 pp. 

The Problems of Peace in Our Liberal Colleges — Harry A. Garfield. 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 378. 

Library of Reconstruction — The Sage Foundation, 130 East Twenty- 
second Street, New York. 4 pp. 

The New Social Order in America, A Study Syllabus — Hornell Hart, 
807 Neave Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. 40 pp. 

Government of American Cities, by W. B. Munro pp. 415. McMil- 
lan Company, New York, N. Y. 

Reports on Reconstruction 

Alabama, The Social Problems of — Hastings H. Hart, at the request 
of Governor Charles Henderson. The Sage Foundation, 130 East 
Twenty-second Street, New York. 87 pp. 

Legislative Message of Governor Thos. E. Kilby, July 8, 

1919 — Legislative Document No. 7. 24 pp. 

Florida, A Social Welfare Program — Hastings H, Hart and Clarence 
L. Stonaker, at the request of Governor Sidney J. Catts. The Sage 
Foundation, 112 East Twenty-second Street, New York. 96 type- 
written pp. (Out of print.) 

Kentucky, The Social Problems of — Kentucky State Council of De- 
fense, Inter-Southern Building, Louisville, Ky. 120 pp. 

Mississippi, The Social Progress of — Hastings H. Hart (in prepara- 
tion). The Russell Sage Foundation, New York. 



North Cabolina Club, U. of IST. C. 23 

Development Program of the State Landowners' Association 

— Manufacturers' Record, September 18, 1919. 

Nortli Carolina, Pressing Needs of the Present Hour — Governor 
T. W. Bickett— University Rural Social Science Files, No. 338.02. 

South Carolina, A Social Program for — Hastings H. Hart, at the 
request of Governor Richard I. Manning. The Russell Sage Founda- 
tion, New York. 61 pp. 

Illinois, Report of the Efficiency and Economy Committee — John A. 
Fairlie, Director, Urbana, 111. 1051 pp. 

The Civil Administrative Code — Compiled by Louis L, 

Emerson, Secretary of State, Springfield, 111. 37 pp. 

Indiana, Report of the Reconstruction and Readjustment Confer- 
ence — The Executive Chamber, Indianapolis. 

New York, Report of the State Reconstruction Commission — The 
Executive Chamber, Albany, N. Y. 

Massachusetts, Debates and Bulletins of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1917-18 — Executive Office, Boston, Mass. 4 volumes. 

Michigan, Report of the State Reconstruction Commission — Stuart 
H. Perry, Adrian, Mich., Chairman. 26 pp. 

West Virginia, A Suggested Social Program — Hastings H. Hart and 
Clarence L. Stonaker. The Sage Foundation, New York. 24 pp. 

Wisconsin, Report on Reconstruction by a special Legislative Com- 
mittee — Roy P. Wilcox, Chairman. Executive Office, Madison, Wis. 
30 pp. 

Collaboration Committee 

S. H. Hobbs, Jr., Chairman, Sampson County, Clinton; A. M. Coates, 
Johnston County, Smithfield; W. E. Price, Rockingham County, 
Madison. 

Report on June 4, 1920. 



24 State Reconstruction Studies 

CHAPTER VI 
Public Education Studies 

Outline 

1. Public school support and policies, covering (a) elementary 
schools, (b) high schools, (c) technical schools, and (d) schools of 
liberal arts. 

2. Illiteracy and near-illiteracy, (a) the facts and their significance, 
(b) policies and methods of attack. 

3. Vocational education, for farm, factory, and urban populations: 
(a) Survey of our needs, (b) vocational educational agencies, activi- 
ties, and results in North Carolina, (c) the special importance of farm 
vocational education and the necessity for country teacherages, (d) 
conclusions. 

4. Teacher training: (a) The necessity for increased agencies and 
facilities, (b) policies and plans. 

Bibliograpliies 

Sources of information, numbered and lettered to correspond with 
the study outlines of the club — a plan that will be followed through- 
out the bibliography sections for special committee studies. 

1. Public Education Support, Policies, etc. 

(a) Public School Expenditures per pupil in the U. S. — University 
News Letter, Vol. V, No. 25. 

Public Education Costs — S. H. Hobbs, Jr. University News Let- 
ter, January 28, 1920. 

Six Millions for Schools in North Carolina — Dr. E. C. Brooks. File 
No. 371.21, University Rural Social Science Library. 

Apportionment of School Funds in the United States, Digest of 
Laws — Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. 

Manual of Educational Legislation — Federal Education Bureau 
Bulletin No. 4, 1919. 

Report of the Virginia Educational Commission — File No. 370.2, 
University Rural Social Science Library. 

President Eliot's Educational Program — University Rural Social 
Science Files, No. 370. 

Educational Study of Alabama — Federal Educational Bureau Bulle- 
tin No. 41, 1939. 

A Study of the Rural Schools of Texas — University Extension 
Series, Bulletin No. 62, October, 1914. 



North Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 25 

Beginning and Developing a Rural School — University of Texas, 
Bulletin No. 1729, May, 1917. 

The Reconstructed School — Francis B. Pearson. McClurg Pub- 
lishing Company, Chicago. 

Outline of Social Studies for Elementary Schools — John M. Gillette. 
Reprint from American Journal of Sociology, January, 1914. 

Lessons in Community and National Life, Series C for Upper Ele- 
mentary Classes — Judd and Marshall. Federal Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 

(b) Secondary Schools. 

Principles of Secondary Education — Alexander Inglis. Houghton 
Mifflin Company, Boston, pp. 741. 

Needed Changes in Secondary Education — Eliot and Nelson. Fed- 
eral Education Bureau, Bulletin No. 10, 1916. 

Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education, Preliminary Report 
of the Committee of the National Educational Association — Federal 
Education Bureau Bulletin No. 35, 1918. 

Sociology Teaching in High Schools — Theron Freese. Sociological 
Society, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. 

High School Sociology Teaching, Discussion Outlines — Ross L. 
Finney, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 

Social Studies in Secondary Education — ^Arthur W. Dunn. Federal 
Education Bureau Bulletin No. 28, 1916, Washington, D. C. 

Lessons in Community and National Life, Series B and A for High 
School Grades — Judd and Marshall. Federal Education Bureau Bul- 
letin, Washington, D. C. 

Values of Home Making Courses in High Schools — Virginia High 
School Bulletin, December, 1919. 

(c) Technical Schools — Agricultural. 

American Agricultural Colleges — Chester D. Jarvis. Federal Edu- 
cation Bureau Bulletin No. 29, 1918, Washington, D. C. 

Agricultural Education, 1916-18 — C. H. Lane. Federal Education 
Bureau Bulletin, 1918, No. 4. 

Gillette's Constructive Rural Sociology — Sturgis and Walton Com- 
pany, New York. 256-60 pp. 

Agricultural Education — Fourth Annual Report of the Carnegie 
Foundation. 97-107 pp. 

Sources of Pictures in Teaching Agriculture and Nature Study — 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 374.7. 

How Teachers May Use Farmers' Bulletins in Elementary Schools 
— Bulletin of Office of Agricultural Instruction, Department of Agri- 
culture, Washington, D. C. 

Agriculture in Ohio Elementary Schools — State Department of Pub- 
lic Instruction, Springfield, O. 



26 State Keconstbuction Studies 

(d) Schools of Liberal Arts. 

State University Plants and Support — University News Letter, Vol. 
V, Nos. 9, 10, 11, and 12. 

State Universities and State Colleges, statistics for 1917-18 — Fed- 
eral Education Bureau Bulletin, 1918, No. 51. 

Colleges of Arts and Sciences, Resources and Standards — Samuel 
Paul Capen. Federal Education Bureau Bulletin No. 30, 1918. 

Columbia Adopts New Entrance Tests — Press Item. University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 378. 

Colleges in War Time and After — Paul Rexford Kolbe. D. Appleton 
and Company, New York. 313 pp. 

A Social Science School, Public Welfare courses in the University of 
North Carolina — University News Letter, Vol. V, Nos. 6, 28, 44, and 47. 

2. Illiteracy and Near-Illiteracy. 

(a) The facts and their significance. 

University News Letter— Vol. I, No. 41, Vol. II, No. 24, Vol. V, Nos. 
14, 15, 20, and 25. 

Draft Illiteracy in North Carolina — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 375.93. 

Adult Illiteracy — Winthrop Talbot. Federal Bureau Bulletin, 1916, 
No. 35. 

Adult Illiteracy in North Carolina and Plans for Elimination (1915) 
— State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

Illiteracy, Distribution in Georgia — Roland M. Harper. Georgia 
High School Quarterly, Vol. VII, pp. 254-262. 

Increasing Illiteracy Among Adult Whites in South Carolina, a 
Laboratory Study — Harold D. Burgess. University Rural Social Sci- 
ence Files, No. 375.93. 

Illiteracy in Alabama, Where and Why — Roland M. Harper. Mont- 
gomery Advertiser, June 1, 1919. 

Kenyon Americanization Bill, S. 3315 — University Rural Social 
Science Files, No. 312.1. 

Community Schools, a Plan of Attack Upon Illiteracy in North 
Carolina — Miss Elizabeth Kelly, State Education Department, Raleigh, 
N. C. 

The N. C. Law on Compulsory Attendance and Child Labor — Public 
Laws of North Carolina, 1919. 

Rules and Regulations Governing School Attendance in North Caro- 
lina — State Board of Education. 

Every Child in School— Bulletin No. 64, 1919. Federal Bureau of 
Education, Washington, D. C. 

3. Vocational Education. 

Vocational Education — Wm. T. Bawden. Federal Education Bureau 
Bulletin, 1919, No. 25. 



JSToRTH Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 27 

Vocational Guidance and the Public Schools — Wm. Carson Ryan, Jr. 
Federal Education Bureau Bulletin, 1918, No. 24. 

Training Teachers of Vocational Agriculture — Bulletin No. 27, Agri- 
culture Series No. 5.^ — Federal Vocational Educational Board, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Enrollment of Vocational Students by States, Appropriations, 
1917-18, etc. — The Vocational Summary, Washington, D. C, May, 1919, 
12-14 pp. 

Vocational Personnel in North Carolina, on September 21, 1919 — 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 374.67. Also the Agricul- 
tural Education Monthly, Raleigh, October, 1919. File No. 374.67. 

Vocational Education in North Carolina, Bulletin No. 1, December 
12, 1917 — State Vocational Education Board, Raleigh. 

Courses in Vocational Home Economics — Edna F. Coith, State Super- 
visor of Home Economics, West Raleigh, N. C. 

Teaching Vocational Agriculture in Secondary Schools — T. E. 
Browne. State College Record, Vol. 17, No. 6. 

Federal Aid for Vocational Education in North Carolina, Bulletin 
No. II, December 1, 1918 — State Vocational Educational Board, Raleigh. 

Teaching Agriculture, Home Economics, and Manual Training in the 
Sixth Grade, Agricultural Bulletin No. 6 — State Board of Education, 
Raleigh. 

Vocational Bulletins of the Texas State Board; Austin: (a) Federal 
Aid to Vocational Education, (b) A Year's Work in General Agricul- 
ture, (c) A Year's Work in Vocational Agriculture — Animal Produc- 
tion, (d) First Annual Report. 

Vocational Education, by John M. Gillette, 303 pp. — American Book 
Co., N. Y. 

Country School Teacherages. 

Teachers' Cottages, with reading references — R. S. Kellogg. Na- 
tional Lumber Manufacturers' Association, Chicago, 111. 57 pp. 

Newspaper Clippings — File No. 371.61, University Rural Social Sci- 
ence Department. 

Carolina Teacherages — The University News Letter, Vol. Ill, No. 23. 

4. Teacher Training. 

Rural-Teacher Preparation in County Training Schools and High 
Schools— H. J. Foght, Bulletin, 1917, No. 31. Federal Education Bu- 
reau, Washington, D. C. 

More Normal Schools in North Carolina — R. H. Wright. University 
Rural Social Science, File No. 371.6. 

Plan for Training Newly Enlisted Public School Teachers in North 
Carolina — Dr. E. C. Brooks, State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, Raleigh. 



28 State Eeconstruction Studies 

Efficiency and Preparation of Rural School Teachers— H. W. Foght, 
Bulletin U. S. Bureau of Education, 1914, No. 49. School of Education 
File 371.12. 

The Wisconsin County Training Schools for Teachers in Rural 
Schools — W. E. Larson. Bulletin U. S. Bureau of Education, 1916, 
No. 17. School of Education File 371.12. 

The Ohio Plan of Teacher Training, Higher Education Circular No. 
18. — Federal Bureau of Education. 

City, Training Schools for Teachers — F. A. Mauny. Bulletin U. S. 
Bureau of Education, 1914, No. 47. School of Education File 371.12. 

Preparation of Rural School Teachers by State Normal Schools — 
T. A. Hillyer. Bulletin Minnesota State Normal School's Quarterly 
Journal, September, 1916. School of Education File 371.12. 

Education Conunittee 

The County Unit System of Public Schools: H. F. Latshaw, Chair- 
man, Macon County, Franklin. 

Units of Organization: R. B. Spencer, Orange County, Chapel Hill. 

School Administration: H. B. Simpson, Union County, Matthews. 

Form of Organization: W. J. Nichols, Durham County, Gorman. 

Illiteracy and School Support: 0. A. Tuttle, Mecklenburg County, 
Pineville. 

Building Program: B. W. Sipe, Gaston County, Cherry ville. 

Teachers and Teacher Training: Mrs. H. F. Latshaw. 

Committee report (tentative) November 10, 1919. 



N'oRTH Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 29 

CHAPTER VII 
Public Health Studies 

Outline 

1. County health departments, whole-time h'jalth officers, and pub- 
lic health nurses. 

2. County or county-group hospitals (public) and why. 

3. Health and sanitation as required subjects in all schools receiv- 
ing state aid. 

4. Wholesome i-ecreation, town and country, and why. 

Bibliography 

Reading references for the committee on public health, numbered 
to correspond with the suggested field of committee investigations; 
tentative findings to be reported at the North Carolina Club session, 
November 24, 1919; final matured report on May 31, 1920. The material 
is all at hand in the seminar room of rural social science at the 
University. 

Tlie Subject in General 

Public Health Legislation in North Carolina in 1919 — The State 
Health Bulletin, March, 1919. 

The State Department of Public Health: (1) Departmental activi- 
ties, (2) Recommendations to the General Assembly of 1919, (3) 
The Nation's Manpower, editorial, (4) Influenza deaths by counties, 
(5) Graph of North Carolina deaths by war, tuberculosis, typhoid, 
and of children under two years of age — Mss. by Dr. W. S. Rankin, 
State Health Secretary, University Rural Social Science Files, No. 
614.12. 

Health Work in North Carolina — Miss Ernestine Noa. A North 
Carolina Club study, 1918-19. University News Letter, Vol. V, No. 26. 

What the State Health Board of North Carolina is Doing — Reprint 
from the State Health Board Report. 

Sanitation in the South — Thorndike Saville, Extension Leaflet, Vol. 
II, No. 9. University of North Carolina. 

Preventive Medicine and Hygiene — Milton J. Rosenau. D. Appleton 
and Company, New York. 1286 pp. 

1. County Health Work. 

Public Health Work in Rural Areas, a report by E. C. Branson, 
Committee Chairman, American Rural Life Association — Dwight 
Sanderson, Secretary, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 



30 State Reconstruction Studies 

County Responsibility for Public Welfare, pp. 160-2 in the North 
Carolina Club Year-Book — E. C. Branson. North Carolina University 
Record No. 159. 

Value of County Health Departments, press article September 15, 
1918— State Health Board, Raleigh. 

Twenty-one County Health Departments in North Carolina, map, 
county officers, etc., on October 25, 1919 — University Rural Social 
Science Files No. 614.051. 

The Whole-Time County Health Officer, special bulletin. No. 27, 
August, 1913 — North Carolina Board of Health, Raleigh. 

Public Health Nursing in North Carolina: a chapter tn the 1917-18 
Year-Book of the North Carolina Club at the University, and a letter 
on Public Health Nurses in North Carolina, number, location, etc., 
on December 29, 1916— Dr. L. B. McBrayer, Bureau Chief of State Public 
Health Nursing, Sanatorium, N. C. 

Public Health Nursing — Ella Phillips Crandall, National Organiza- 
tion for Public Health Nurses — University Rural Social Science Files, 
No. 614.051. 

The Public Health Nurse— C. E. A. Winslow, of Yale, Children's 
Year Leaflet No. 6. Children's Bureau, Washington, D. C. 

Public Health Nurses — University News Letter, Vol. Ill, No. 25. 

The County-Paid Nurse — University of North Carolina News Let- 
ter, Vol. V, No. 48. 

2. County or County-Group Hospitals. 

Rural Hospitals in Virginia — University of Virginia News Letter, 
August 30, 1919. 

County Hospital Laws of New York State, a compilation of Laws, 
Regulations, and Agencies Relating to Tuberculosis — Herman M. 
Biggs, State Commissioner, Albany, N. Y. 15-31 pp. 

County Tuberculosis Hospitals, County Hospitals in General, Hos- 
pitals in Fifth Class Cities (under 10,000 inhabitants) in Indiana — 
Bulletin of Indiana State Board of Charities, Indianapolis. 

3. Health Education in Rural Schools — J. Mace Andress. Hough- 
ton Mifflin Company, Boston. 321 pp. 

Health Bulletins of the Federal Bureau of Education, Washington, 
D. C. 

4. Play and Recreation — Henry S. Curtis. Ginn and Company, 
New York. 265 pp. 

Leisure, Recreation, and Life — Raymond Robins. Playground and 
Recreation Association of America, 1 Madison Avenue, New York. 
4 pp. 

Recreation Bibliogi-aphy — The Sage Foundation, 400 Metropolitan 
Tower, New York. 37 pp. 



;N'okth Carolina Club, U. of ^. C. 31 

Fear God in Your Own Village (chapter on the Movies) — Richard 
Morse. Henry Holt and Company, New York. 

Public Health Committee 

1. County Hospitals: J. S. Terry, Chairman, Richmond County, 
Rockingham. 

2. County Health Departments, Whole-Time Health Officers, and 
Public Health Nurses: Blackwell Markham, Durham County, Durham. 

3. Health and Sanitation, as required studies in State-aided 
Schools: A. R. Anderson, Iredell County, Statesville. 

4. Recreation, Town and Country: C. L. Harrington, Pitt County, 
Greenville. 



32 State Eeconstruction Studies 

CHAPTER VIII 
Transportation and Communication Studies 

OntlJne 

1. State highway policies. 

2. Motor truck freight lines, country parcel post routes, and inter- 
urban electric railways. 

3. Our railroad situation and its disadvantages; freight rate prob- 
lems and solutions; inland waterways, and port facilities. 

4. Country telephone systems; number and locations in North Caro- 
lina; University aid in country telephone development. 

Bibliography 

Reading references for the Reconstruction Committee on Transpor- 
tation and Communication, numbered to correspond with following 
suggested field of committee investigations; tentative findings to be 
reported at the North Carolina Club session December 8, 1919, and the 
final matured report on May 31, 1920. This material is all on hand in 
the seminar room of rural social science at the University. 

1. State Highway Policies. 

State-wide Road Laws, Public Laws of North Carolina, session 
1919. Circular No. 4, North Carolina State Highway Commission — 
Frank Page, Highway Commissioner, Raleigh, N. C. 16 pp. 

Approved Highway Projects in North Carolina for 1920 — Raleigh 
News and Observer, December 20, 1919. 

Millions to State in Road Equipment, Press Item, October 6, 1919 — 
File No. 386.1. 

May Provide Way for Federal Aid, Press Item, January 27, 1919 — 
File No. 386.1. 

Public Road Mileage and Revenues in 1918 in the United States, 
Public Roads Magazine. July, 1919 — Federal Department of Agricul- 
ture. 

Federal Aid to the State for the Next Eighteen Months Exceeds 
Three Million, Press Item. March 16, 1919 — File No. 386.1. 

Hard Surface Highways — James H. Pou, a press clipping. Uni- 
versity Rural Social Science Files, No. 386.1. 

2. Motor Truck Freight Lines, etc. 

Motor Car Laws as Now Written, October 1, 1917, by the A. A. A. 
Touring Board — Riggs Building, Washington, D. C. 16 pp. 



Worth Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 33 

A State Endorses the Rural Motor Express — National Automobile 
Chamber of Commerce, Inc., 7 East Forty-second Street, New York. 
8 pp. 

Million Dollar Truck Express. Press Item — University Rural So- 
cial Science Files, No. 386.11. 

Operating a Co-operative Motor Truck — Farmers' Bulletin No. 1032. 
United States Department of Agriculture, pp. 24. 

Motor Transportation for Rural Districts— J. H. Collins. Farmers' 
Bulletin No. 770. Ibid. pp. 32. 

Motor Transport Future- — Sir Eric Geddes. Press item. University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 386.11. 

Truck Beats Express for Textile Concern, press clipping — Uni- 
versity Rural Social Science Files, No. 386.11. 

The Service of Supply — Hon. M. Clyde Kelley. Government Docu- 
ment, Washington, D. C. pp. 14. 

Post Office Marketing — University News Letter, Vol. Ill, No. 24. 

Parcels Post and the Country School — University News Letter, Vol. 
V, No. 2. 

Parcel Post Business Methods — C. C. Hawbaker and John W. Law, 
Farmers' Bulletin 922. United States Department of Agriculture. 
20 pp. 

Suggestions for Parcel Post Marketing — Lewis B. Flohr and C. T. 
More. Farmers' Bulletin 703. United States Department of Agri- 
culture. 19 pp. 

The new S. O. S., by H. S. Stabler — The Country Gentleman, Dec. 8, 
1919. 

Electric Railways in the United States, report of the Federal Census 
Bureau for the year 1917. 

Electric Railway Problems — Extracts of testimony before Federal 
Electric Railway Commission in 1919. pp. 31. 

Geographic Control of Transportation in the Southeast — John E. 
Smith. Journal of Geography, Madison, Wis., May, 1914. 6 pp. 

3. Railway Development, Freight Rate Problems, etc. 

Railway Statistics of the United States for the year ending 1916 — 
Prepared by Slason Thompson, Bureau of Railway News and Statis- 
tics. Stromberg, Allen and Company, Chicago, 1917. 148 pp. 

Transportation — ^Issued by the Texas Commercial Secretaries and 
Business Men's Association, Fort Worth, Texas. 32 pp. 

Intra-state Rates, and Freight Dsicriminations in North Carolina, 
newspaper clippings — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 
385.1. 

Readjustment of Export Rates on Southern Freight. Press item- 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 387. 



34 State Reconstruction Studies 

4. Country Telephones. 

Telephones of the United States, Report (April, 1919) by the United 
States Census Bureau, Washington, D. C. 

Country Home Comforts and Conveniences — Extension Bureau of 
the University of North Carolina Leaflets, No. 1, Part 1. 

Country Home Comforts — University News Letter, Vol. V, Nos. 37, 
41, 46, 47. 48, 49. 

Trunsportatiou Committee 

1. Railway Transportation, Inland Waterways, and Port Facilities: 
P. Hettleman, Chairman, Wayne County, Goldsboro. 

2. State Highway Policies: S. O. Worthington, Pitt County, Win- 
terville. 

3. Country Telephone Systems: B. E. Weathers, Cleveland County, 
Shelby. 

4. Motor Truck Freight and the Country Parcels Post: I. M. Abel- 
kop, Durham County, Durham. 



N'oRTH Carolina Club, U. of N". C. 35 

CHAPTER IX 

Home and Farm Ownership Studies 
OntUne 

1. The facts and their fundamental significance, as related to ro- 
bust personality, family integrity, responsible citizenship, industrial 
stability, and democracy under law and order. 

2. Country home conveniences and comforts; University aid. 

3. A progressive land tax (a) with low rates on improvements, 
higher rates on land, and still higher rates on land held out of pro- 
ductive use for speculative rises in value, (b) with exemptions or 
low rates on small properties while occupied and operated or used by 
the owners, as in New Zealand and elsewhere. 

Bibliography 

Reading references on Home and Farm Ownership for the North 
Carolina Club committee appointed to report to the club a tentative 
State Reconstruction Program in this field on January 12, and a 
matured program on May 31. All the books, bulletins, clippings, etc., 
are in the seminar room of the University Rural Social Science De- 
partment. 

1. The Facts and their Significance. 

Our Landless, Homeless Multitudes, town and country, (1) in the 
United States in 1910— University News Letter, Vol. Ill, No. 39; (2) 
in North Carolina by counties, in 1910 — Idem, Vol. Ill, No. 36; (3) 
in North Carolina Cities in 1910— Idem, Vol. I, No. 46, and Vol. Ill, 
No. 30, by E. C. Branson, University of North Carolina. 

Twin-Born Social Ills: Tenancy and Illiteracy — B. C. Branson, in 
Mss. University Rural Social Science Files. 

The Way Out — B. C. Branson, extract from War Time Strikes. 
University News Letter, Vol. V, No. 43. 

Farm Tenure in the South — John Lee Coulter. A Census Bureau 
Press item, May, 1912. 

Stability of Farm Operators in 1910 — John Lee Coulter. A Census 
Bureau Bulletin. 

Increase of Farm Tenancy since 1880, and its Significance— W. J. 
Ghent, in Chapter IV, pp. 47-57 of Benevolent Feudalism. Macmillan 
Company, New York. 

Farm Tenancy in North Carolina — E. C. Branson, in Community 
Service Week in North Carolina. State Department of Education. 



36 State Reconstruction Studies 

Our Twenty-two Million Wilderness Acres, Elbow Room for Home- 
Seekers in North Carolina, Room in North Carolina for New Farm 
Families— North Carolina Club Year-Book, 1915-16. pp. 56, 66, and 69. 

Our Wilderness Areas — University News Letter, Vol. I, No. 37, and 
Vol. II, No. 14. 

Home-Seekers Flock Southward — University News Letter, Vol. II, 
No. 17. 

Homes for the Homeless — University News Letter, Vol. Ill, No. 12. 

A Two-Sided Difficulty — University News Letter, Vol. II, No. 23. 

The Problem of Tenancy — R. F. Beasley. A press item, University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.131. 

Smoking Out the Land Hogs — Governor Henry J. Allen. The Coun- 
try Gentleman, December 6, 1919. 

The Renter and Cotton — Mrs. G. H." Mathis, in the Banker-Farmer. 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.191. 

The Agricultural Highwayman — H. F. Kohr, in The Technical 
World Magazine, July, 1911. 

What the Tenant Farmer is Doing in the South — Carl Crow. Pear- 
son's Magazine, June, 1911. 

The System Wrong — The Roanoke-Chowan Times. University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.131. 

Home Ownership. Press clippings — University Rural Social Sci- 
ence Files, No. 630.131. 

2. Home Comforts and Conveniences. 

Low-Cost Water Works, reprint from The Country Gentleman, July 
11, 1914. President Joe Cook, Hattiesburg, Miss. 

Water Supply, Plumbing, and Sewage Disposal for Country Homes 
— ^United States Agricultural Department Bulletin No. 57. 

Water Systems for Farm Homes — George M. Warren. Farmers' 
Bulletin No. 941, United States Department of Agriculture. 

Farm Sanitation Number — Dr. Hermann M. Biggs, New York State 
Health News, Albany, N. Y. 

Sanitation in the South. Extension Leaflet, Vol. II, No. 9 — ^Uni- 
versity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. 

Clean Water and How to Get it on the Farm — Robert W. Trullinger. 
Reprint from the 1914 Yearbook of the Federal Department of Agri- 
culture. 

The Hickerson Steel Overshot Water Wheel and Pump for Rural 
Homes — Prof. T. F. Hickerson, University of North Carolina, Chapel 
Hill, N. C. 

Hygiene of Rural Homes, Circular No. 100 — State Board of Health, 
Augusta, Maine. 

The Healthful Farm House — Helen Dodd. Whitcomb Barrows, 
Boston. 69 pp. 



Worth Carolina Club, U. of N". C. 37 

Rural Methods of Waste Disposal — Henry D. Evans. Bulletin 11, 
1-2, State Department of Health, Augusta, Maine. 

Modern Conveniences for Rural Homes — Elmina T. Wilson. Farm- 
ers' Bulletin No. 270, United States Department of Agriculture. 

The Sanitary Privy — North Carolina State Public Health Bulletin, 
July, 1919. State Health Board, Raleigh, N. C. 

Rural Sanitation — Public Health Bulletin, No. 94. United States 
Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. 

Electric Light and Power from Small Streams — A. M. Daniels, 
Division Rural Engineering, Bureau of Public Roads. Yearbook of 
the United States Agricultural Department, 1918. 

Practical Talks on Farm Engineering — R. P. Clarkson. Doubleday, 
Page and Company, New York. |1.20 net. 

Farm houses, barns, and other farm structures; plans, bills of ma- 
terial, etc., for free distribution — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 630.191. 

3. Remedies, the Progressive Land Tax, etc. 

Social Welfare in New Zealand — Hugh J. Lusk. Macmillan Com- 
pany, New York. pp. 45-88, 252, et seq. 

Reducing Tenancy — Atlanta Constitution, January, 1912. Univer- 
sity Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.131. 

Tenants Becoming Landowners in Johnston County — Smithfleld 
Herald. Idem, No. 630.131. 

Lloyd George's War on the English Land System — A press item. 
Idem, No. 630.13L 

A Home-Owning Drive — The Hickory Record. University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 630.191. 

Helping the Helpless — Winston-Salem Journal. Idem, No. 630.131. 

Methods of Renting Farms in Wisconsin — H. C. Taylor, Bulletin 
198, July, 1910. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wis- 
consin, Madison. 

Progressive Farmer, Renters' and Landlords' Special annual num- 
bers. 

The Illinois Farm Tenancy Commission — The Banker-Farmer. 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.131. 

The Plan of Moses — H. J. Walters in the Kansas Industrialist. 
Idem, No. 630.131. 

Land and the Leasing System — Henry Wallace. The Banker- 
Farmer, Champaign, 111., May, 1919. 

My Neighbor's Landmark — Frederick Verinder. Andrew Melrose, 
London. 142 pp. 

The ABC of the Land Question — J. Dundas White. Publicity 
Bureau Joseph Fels Fund, Cincinnati. 42 pp. 



38 State Reconstbuction Studies 

Privilege and Democracy in America — Frederick C. Howe. Charles 
Scribner's Sons, New York. 315 pp. 

Taxation of Land Values — Yetta Scheftel. Houghton Mifllin Com- 
pany, Boston. 489 pp. 

The Land System of New Zealand — Official Year-Book, Advance 
Sheets, Part HI, Wellington, N. Z. 

Newest England (New Zealand) — Henry Demorest Lloyd. Double- 
day, Page and Company, New York. 387 pp. 

Home and Farm Ownership Committee 

1. Constructive Policies: Myron Green, Chairman, Union County, 
Matthews. 

2. The Facts about Our Landless, Homeless Multitudes: W. R. Kirk- 
man, Guilford County, Greensboro. 

3. Country Home Comforts and Conveniences: R. R. Hawfleld, 
Union County, Matthews. 



!N'oRTH Carolina Club, U. of N, C. 39 

CHAPTER X 
Race Relationships Studies 

Ontline 

1. The program of the Southern Sociological Ck)nference and the 
Congress of Governors — the Southern view. 

2. The program of the Federal Council of the Churches of Chriet 
in America — the detached view. 

3. The program of the National Association for Negro Advancement 
— the negro view. 

Bibliography 

A brief bibliography of selected books, bulletins, and clippings on 
Race Antagonisms, for the Carolina Club committee on Race Rela- 
tionships; for a tentative report to the club January 26, and a final 
program report on May 31. This material is all ready at hand in 
the seminar room of the department of rural social science at the 
University of North Carolina. 

1. Race Program of the Southern Sociological Conference and the 
Governors' Congress at Salt Lake City — University News Letter, Vol. 
V, No. 46. 

2. Race Program of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ 
in America — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 325.26. 

3. Negro Race Program. 

Program of the National Association for Negro Advancement — 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 325.26. 

A Declaration of Principles, by Representative Negroes of North 
Carolina, Raleigh, September 26, 1919; newspaper clippings concern- 
ing the Raleigh conference — University Rural Social Science Files, 
No. 325.26. 11 pp. 

The Subject in General. 

The Human Way, Race Studies of the Southern Sociological Con- 
gress in Atlanta — Edited by James E. McCulloch, Nashville, Tenn. 
146 pp. 

Present Forces in Negro Progress — W. D. Weatherford. Association 
Press, 124 East Twenty-eighth Street, New York. 191 pp. 

Negro Life in the South — W. D. Weatherford. Association Press, 
New York. 181 pp. 

Negro Migration in 1916-17 — Bulletin of the United States Depart- 
ment of Labor, Division of Negro Economics, Washington, D. C. 
158 pp. 



40 State Reconstruction Studies 

Migration of Negroes into Northern Cities — George E. Haynes. 
National Conference of Social Work, 315 Plymouth Court, Chicago. 
4 pp. 

Negroes Move North — George E. Haynes. Reprint from The Sur- 
vey, May 4, 1918, 112 Bast Nineteenth Street, New York. 8 pp. 

A Contribution to Democracy: a Record of Race Co-operation — 
Bulletin of the National Urban League, January, 1919, Fisk Uni- 
versity, Nashville, Tenn. 23 pp. 

The South's Responsibility for Negro Crime — Bishop Gailor. Fisk 
University News, March, 1917, Nashville, Tenn. 

Bishop Thirkield's Race Program — The World Outlook for October, 
1919. University Rural Social Science Files, No. 325.26. 

Open Letters on Race Relationships, by the University Commis- 
sion on Southern Race Problems — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 312.4. Southern University Commission on Race Ques- 
tions, Minutes. 72 pp.; Open Letters, pp. 45-73 — Col. Wm. M. Hunley, 
Commission Secretary, Lexington, Va. 

Rising Standards in the Treatment of Negroes — Hastings H. Hart. 
Proceedings of the Southern Sociological Congress, Dr. J. E. McCul- 
loch, Secretary, Nashville, Tenn. 

Race Riots — Editorial, Chicago Tribune. University Rural Social 
Science Files, No. 325.26. 

A Negi'o Preacher's Wisdom — University News Letter, Vol. V, 
No. 42. 

Lynching: Removing Its Causes — W. D. Weatherford. J. E. Mc- 
Culloch, Secretary Southern Sociological Congress, Nashville, Tenn. 

Lynching: A National Menace. The White South's Protest Against 
— James E. Gregg. Southern Workman, Hampton, Va. 

Lynching Record in 1919 — University Rural Science Files, No. 325.26. 
Newspaper clippings, ibid. 

Race Riot Lessons — William Howard Taft, press clipping, Phila- 
delphia Public Ledger. University Rural Social Science Files, No. 
312.4. 

Secretary Daniels Praises the Negro Soldiers — Raleigh News and 
Observer, December 20, 1919. 

Race Relationships Committ«e 

1. Committee Collaborator: G. D. Crawford, Chairman, Cornelia, 
Georgia. 

2. Negro View: A. W. Staley, Guilford County, Greensboro. 

3. Southern View: W. B. Womble, Wake County, Carey. 

4. Detached View: L. J. Phipps, Orange County, Chapel Hill. 



North Carolina Cltjb, U. of N. C. 41 

CHAPTER XI 

Public Welfare Studies 

Outline 

1. Child welfare in North Carolina: (a) Legislation, agencies, and 
activities at present, (b) Conditions of success, (c) Further needs — 
in legislation. In reform school facilities for wayward boys and girls 
of both races, in child-placing agencies adequately supported, prop- 
erly officered and functioned, (d) Mothers' pensions wisely condi- 
tioned. 

2. Child delinquency, town and country; the juvenile court, proba- 
tion problems, detention homes, etc. 

3. Volunteer social allies, the necessity for these in multiplied 
number. 

Bibliography 

Selected reading references on Public Welfare for the North Caro- 
lina Club committee appointed to report to the club a tentative State 
Reconstruction Program in this field on February 9, February 23, and 
March 8, and a matured program on May 31. All the books, bulletins, 
clippings, etc., are in the seminar room of the rural social science de- 
partment in the University of North Carolina. 

The Subject in General. Febmarj' 9 

Poverty — Robert Hunter. Macmillan Company, New York. 328 pp. 

Misery and Its Causes — Edward T. Devine. Macmillan Company, 
New York. 274 pp. 

Social Problems — Anna Stewart. Allyn and Bacon, New York. 
232 pp. 

Social Problems — Ezra T. Towne. Macmillan Company, New York. 
406 pp. 

Poverty and Social Progress — Maurice Parmelee. Macmillan Com- 
pany, New York. 477 pp. 

Problems of Child Welfare — George B. Mangold. Macmillan Com- 
pany, New York. 522 pp. 

A Bibliography of Child Welfare — Eva L. Bascomb and Dorothy R. 
Mendenhall. American Medical Association, 535 North Dearborn 
Street, Chicago. 

Good Citizenship in Rural Communities — John F. Smith. John C. 
Winston Company, Chicago. 262 pp. 



42 State Reconstruction Studies 

Public Welfare Program, N. C. State Social Service Conference 
1919. — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 360.14. 

Child Welfare 

Child Welfare in North Carolina— Edited by W. H. Swift. National 
Child Labor Committee, 105 East Twenty-second Street, New York. 
314 pp. $1.00. 

Missouri Children's Code Commission, 1918 — Executive Offices, Jef- 
ferson City, Mo. pp. 231. 

Missouri Children's Bills— The Survey, June 21, 1919. 112 East 
Nineteenth Street, New York. 

The State Orthopaedic Hospital — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 362.8. 

Children's Home Society of North Carolina^ — Idem, No. 362.7. 

Save the Youngest — Bulletin No. 61 of the Children's Bureau, 
Washington, D. C. 

Minimum Standards of Child Welfare— Bulletin No. 62. Ibid. 

Child-Placing in Families — W. H. Slingerland. Russell Sage 
Foundation, 112 East Twenty-second Street, New York. 1919. pp. 264. 

The Selection of Foster Homes for Children — Mary S. Doran and 
Bertha C. Reynolds. New York School of Social Work, 105 East 
Twenty-second Street, New York. 1919. pp. 74. 35 cents. 

Problems of Child Welfare— George B. Mangold. The Macmillan 
Company, New York. pp. 522. 

Laws Relating to Mothei's' Pensions in the United States, Den- 
mark, and New Zealand — Bulletin of the Children's Bureau, Wash- 
ington, D. C. pp. 102. 

Biennial Report of the North Carolina State Board of Charities and 
Public Welfare, 1919— Bulletin of the Board, Vol. I, No. 4, Raleigh, 
N. C. pp. 50. 

Public Welfare in North Carolina — Vols. I and II of the Bulletins 
of the State Welfare Board, Raleigh. 

Jnvenile Delinquency 

The Juvenile Court and the Community — Thomas D. Eliot. Mac- 
millan Company, New York. pp. 234. 

The Juvenile Courts and Probation, by Flexner and Baldwin, pp. 311. 
— Century Co., N. Y. 

North Carolina Juvenile Delinquent Law — Bulletin of the North 
Carolina State Board of Public Welfare, pp. 7-8, Vol. I, No. 1; Vol. II, 
No. 1; and Vol. II, No. 3. 

Report of the Jackson Training School, 1916-1918 — Chas. E. Boger, 
Superintendent, Concord, N. C. pp. 12. 



North Caeolina Club, U. of N. C. 43 

The Jackson Training School — G. G. Dickson. Press clipping, Uni- 
versity Rural Social Science Files, No. 364.1. 

Samarcand Manor — Mrs. Chamberlain. Bulletin North Carolina 
State Public Welfare Board, Raleigh. Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 5-7. 

Which? What it Means to be a Big Brother or a Big Sister — State 
Board of Public Welfare, Raleigh, N. C. 

Defectiyes 

A Mind That Found Itself — Clifford Whittingham Beers. Long- 
mans, Green and Company, New York. pp. 363. 

Insane, Feeble-minded, Epileptics, and Inebriates in Institutions in 
the United States, January, 1917 — H. M. Pollock and Edith M. Fur- 
bush. National Committee for Mental Hygiene, Inc., 50 Union Square, 
New York. pp. 19. 

Social Problems — Ezra T. Towne. Macmillan Company, New York. 
Chapters IX and X. 

The Kallikaks of Kansas, Report of the Commission on Provision 
for the Feeble-minded — Executive Chamber, Topeka, Kansas, pp. 31. 

The Caswell Training School, Kinston, N. C. — Reports of Dr. C. 
Banks McNairy, Superintendent. 

Colony Care for the Feeble-minded — Commission on Provision for 
the Feeble-minded, 702 Empire Building, Philadelphia, Pa. pp. 19. 

Proceedings, National Social Work Conference, 1917 — 315 Plymouth 
Court, Chicago, 111. 

Jails and Penitentiaries. February 23 

1. Jail conditions, abuses, and remedies; abolition of county chain 
gangs, etc. 

2. The state-farm plan of dealing with convicted misdemeanants, 
as in Indiana. 

3. Penitentiary policies: (a) road building, farming, and other 
productive work by penitentiary convicts, under state supervision 
and for state purposes only, (b) reasonable compensation for the 
same in behalf of the convict's dependent family, (c) emphasis on 
the indeterminate sentence and the parole, (d) vocational schooling, 
etc. 

Bibliography 

1. County Jails. The Abolition of the County Jail — Dr. Frederick 
H. Wines, pp. 12, 

County Jails — Two Survey clippings. Universal Rural Social Sci- 
ence Files, No. 352.621. 



44 State Reconstkuction Studies 

Fees and the County Jail — John E. Orchard. Central Bureau, 
Yearly Meeting of Friends, 150 North Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia. 

North Carolina Prison Conditions and Practices — Press clippings. 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 365.02. 

Jail Scores in North Carolina — Ibid. 

The Treatment, Handling, and Work of Prisoners, Public Laws of 
North Carolina, Session 1917 — Ibid. p. 8. 

County Jails — Hastings H. Hart. Prison Leaflets, No. 40. National 
Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor, Broadway and One Hun- 
dred and Sixteenth Street, New York. pp. 14. 

The County Jail in Alabama — Dr. W. H. Oates. University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 352.621. pp. 4. 

The County Jail in Virginia — Commission report. Ibid. pp. 9. 

2. Reform of Misdemeanants. State Farms for Misdemeanants — 
Bulletin of the Indiana State Board of Charities, Indianapolis. 

Treatment of the Misdemeanant — Amos W. Butler, Secretary In- 
diana State Board of Charities, Indianapolis, pp. 8. 

3. Penitentiary Problems. The State's Prison — Reports of the 
Superintendent, Warden, and other Officials, Raleigh, N. C. 

A Social Welfare Program for the State of Florida — Hastings H. 
Hart and Clarence L. Stonaker. Russell Sage Foundation, 112 East 
Twenty-second Street, New York. pp. 14 and 60-66. 

Report on Experimental Convict Road Camp, Fulton County, Ga. — 
H. S. Fairbank, R. H. Eastham, and W. F. Draper. Bulletin No. 583, 
United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. pp. 64, 
charts and maps. 

The Chain Gang in Burke — University Rural Social Science Files, 
No. 365.02. 

Punishment and Reformation: A Study of the Penitentiary System 
— Frederick H. Wines. 

Mill Village Problems. March 8 

1. Mill village problems: (a) the labor turnover, the facts, causes 
and remedies, (b) thrift and home ownership, (c) health conditions 
in homes and factories, (d) safety devices, working men's compen- 
sation, insurance, etc., (e) playground outfits, public-health nurses, 
hospital facilities, kindergartens, creches, etc. 

2. Child labor: (a) the facts in North Carolina; the laws, state 
and federal; conclusions, (b) compulsory education, effective voca- 
tional mill village schools — ^a type of education never yet worked out 
in southern mill villages. 

3. Care of defectives — insane, feeble-minded, blind, deaf and dumb. 



N'oBTH Carolina Club, U. of J^. C. 45 

Bibliography 

1. (a) The Turnover of Factory Labor — Sumner H. Schlichter. 
Appleton and Company, New York. 460 pp. 

(b) Home Ownership. Home Owning Mill Hands — ^University 
News Letter, Vol. II, No. 30. 

— — See also Farm and Home Ownership references — University 
News Letter, Vol. VI, No. 2. 

(c) Housing and 111 Health — Monthly Labor Review, July, 1919. 
Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. 243-8 pp. 

Co-operative Housing Law of Wisconsin — Idem, September, 1919. 
p. 351. 

Income and Infant Mortality — Julia C. Lathrop. Reprint from 
American Journal of Public Health, April, 1919. 

Clipping — Literary Digest. University Rural Social Science 

Files, No. 347.16. 

(d) Safety Devices, Industrial Accidents, etc. — Parmelee's Poverty 
and Social Progress. Macmillan Company, New York. pp. 331-49. 

Bulletins of the National Safety Council, 168 North Michigan 
Avenue, Chicago. 

Industrial Accidents — Monthly Labor Review, 1919 issues. See 
table of contents. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. 

Social Insurance — Ibid. 

Workmen's Compensation — Alroy S. Phillips. Missouri Working- 
men's Compensation Conference, 1605 Pierce Building, St. Louis. 

Report of Committee on Social Insui-ance — National Civic Federa- 
tion, Metropolitan Tower, New York. 

Parmelee's Poverty and Social Progress, Chap. XXII. 

Social Problems — Anna Stewart. Allyn and Bacon, New York. 
Chap. IX. 

Mill Village Welfare Work in North Carolina. See University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 375.92. 

Mangold's Problems of Child Welfare, pp. 177, 189, 470, et seq. 

Child Labor 

Federal Child Labor Law— Revenue bill of 1918. Document No. 
385, 65th Congress, p. 91. 

Tax on Employment of Child Labor — Document No. 2823. Office of 
Internal Revenue, Washington, D. C. 

The North Carolina Child Labor Law; the Federal Law, and Judge 
Boyd's Decision — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 331.301. 

Child Labor in North Carolina— Theresa Wolfson, pp. 209-37 of 
Child Welfare in North Carolina. National Child Labor Committee, 
105 East Twenty-second Street, New York. 



46 State Reconstruction Studies 

Child Labor North and South — University News Letter, Vol. II, 
No. 21. 

The States and Child Labor; Restrictions as to Wages and Hours — 
Bulletin of the Children's Bureau, Washington, D. C. 

Mangold's Problems of Child Welfare, pp. 271-338. 

Compnlsory Education 

The North Carolina Law, with Interpretations — North Carolina De- 
partment of Education. University Rural Social Science Files, No. 
375.2L 

Compulsory School Attendance — Press clippings. Ibid. 

A Half-Time Mill School— H. W. Foght. Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 23 pp. 

Mill Village Schools — E. C. Branson. University News Letter, Vol. 
V, No. 38. See also Rural Social Science Files, No. 375.92. 

Public Welfare Committee 

1. Child Labor: T. J. Brawley, Chairman, Gaston County, Gastonia. 

2. Child Welfare: C. T. Boyd, Gaston County, Gastonia. 

3. Mill Village Problems: H. G. Kincaid, Gaston County, Gastonia. 

4. Jail, State Farm, and Penitentiary Problems: R. E. Boyd, Gaston 
County, Gastonia. 

5. Child Delinquency, and Volunteer Social Allies: W. H. Bobbitt, 
Iredell County, Statesville. 



Worth Carolina Club, U. of N". C. 47 



CHAPTER XII 
Organized Business and Life 

Outline 

Corporate Organization. Pi'oblems confronting capital: (1) labor 
unrest — causes, extent, and intensity, (2) labor unions, labor de- 
mands, strike settlements in Charlotte, High Point, Albemarle, and 
elsewhere, (3) the National Industrial Conferences in Washington, 
(4) the way out, State and national, (5) Government ownership of 
public utilities, (6) private ownership, development, and operation of 
small water powers for community and domestic uses. 

Bibliography 

A brief bibliography of selected books, bulletins, and clippings on 
Organized Business and Life, for the Carolina Club committee ap- 
pointed to make tentative reports to the Club on March 29, April 19, 
May 3, and a final program report on May 31. This material is all 
ready at hand in the seminar room of the Department of Rural Social 
Science at the University of North Carolina. 

Corporate Organization. March 29 

1. Reconstructing America: Our Next Big Job — ^Edited by Edwin 
Wildman. Page Company, Boston. Chaptei's 11 and 13. 420 pp. 

The Industrial Revolution of The United States, by Carroll D. 
Wright, pp. 362.— Scribner's Sons, N. Y. 

Conditions of Labor in American Industry — Lauk and Syden- 
striker. Funk and Wagnalls Company, New York. 403 pp. 

Industry and Humanity— W. L. McKenzie King. Houghton MiflBin 
Company, Boston. 567 pp. Chapters 5, 6, 7. 

Industrial Readjustment, by Herbert Hoover. — Saturday Evening 
Post, December 27, 1919, 

The New State — M. P. Follett. Longmans, Green and Company, 
New York. pp. 114-121. 

Report of Committee on Vocational Education — Henry C. Metcalf 
to the Fourth Annual Convention of Corporation Schools. 

2. Industrial Wealth in North Carolina — W. E. Price. North Caro- 
lina Club Year-Book, 1916-17. 

Our Industrial Capital in North Carolina — R. B. Price. Ibid. 



48 State Reconstruction Studies 

Strikes in North Carolina — Newspaper clippings. University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 331.89. 

3. The President's Industrial Conference, October, 1919 — The Sur- 
vey, Vol. XLIII, No. 2, 112 East Nineteenth Street, New York. 

The President Advises Legislation for Normal Peace Basis — Press 
item. University Rural Social Science Files, No. 331.1. 

The National Labor Conference — Monthly Labor Review, November, 
1919. pp. 40-9. 

Christianity and Industry, by Wm. Adams Brown, pp. 58. — The 
Woman's Press, N. Y. 

The Steel Strike — The Survey, November 8, 1919. 

The Steel Strike, business conditions — Monthly Labor Review, No- 
vember, 1919, pp. 24-30. 

The National Industrial Conference, October, 1919; conflicting issues, 
leaders, programs, conclusions, with a brief of the congressional in- 
vestigation of the steel strike — Newspaper clippings. University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 331.89. 

As Others See Us — Lathrop Stoddard. World's Work, December 19, 
1919. 

The Strike of the Bituminous Coal Miners, November, 1919 — News- 
paper clippings. Ibid. 

Profits of the Bituminous Coal Operators — Literary Digest, Decem- 
ber 6, 1919. 

Wages and Hours of Labor in Bituminous Coal Regions — Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C. 

Reconstruction Program of the British Labor Party — W. R. Browne, 
Wyoming, New York. 40 pp. Price, 20 cents. 

Lloyd George on the British Rail Strike — Newspaper clipping. Uni- 
versity Rural Social Science Files, No. 331.89. 

The International Trade Federation — Newspaper clipping. Ibid. 

Platform of the National Conference of Liberals — University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 329.8. 

Pan-American Federation of Labor, New York City, July 7-10, 1919. 
— Pan-American Federation of Labor, 407 A. F. of L. Building, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 67 pp. 

The Steel Strike — John A. Fitch. The Survey, September 27, 1919. 

4. Labor in a Democratic Society — Charles W. Eliot. The Survey, 
April 12, 1919. 

Labor in the Peace Treaty, Part XIII — Bulletin of the World Peace 
Foundation, 40 Vernon Street, Boston. 

Man to Man — John Leitch. B. C. Forbes Company, New York. 
249 pp. 

The Harvester Works Council — Meyer Bloomfield. The Survey, 
April 12, 1919. 



North Carolina Club, TJ. of N. C. 49 

Industrial Agreement of the Joint Boards in the Garment Trades — 
The Survey, September 13, 1919. 

Representation in Industry — John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 31 pp. 

The Fetish of Industrial Democracy — Samuel Crowther, in the 
World's Work, November, 1919. 

The Industrial Creed of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.; national indus- 
trial conference, October, 1919 — University Rural Social Science Files, 
No. 331.7. 

Otto H. Kahn's Industrial Creed — Manufacturers' Record, July 3, 
1919. 

What Labor Wants — Literary Digest, December 29, 1919. 

H. B. Endicott's Industrial Creed, in New York Times, October 26, 
1919. 

Collective Bargaining — The Country Gentleman, December 13, 1919. 

A Basic Ten-Hour Day — Ibid. 

When They Get Together — Samuel Crowther. World's Work, De- 
cember, 1919. 

Anticipation of the Industrial Commonwealth — The Public, Novem- 
ber 29, 1919. 

Religion and Industry — Dr. James I. Vance, Nashville, Tenn. 

War-Time Strikes — E. C. Branson. University News Letter, Sep- 
tember 17, 1919. 

Industry and Humanity — W. L. McKenzie King. Houghton Mifllin 
Company. Chapter 10. 

Industrial Arbitration in New Zealand, in Lusk's Social Welfare in 
New Zealand. Macmillan Company, New York. pp. 76, 187-94. 

Profit Sharing— Mortimer L. Schifif, 52 William Street, New York. 

5. Public Ownership of Railroads — Albert M. Todd before Committee 
on Interstate Commerce, February 21, 1919. 

Government Ownership of Public Utilities — Leon Cammen. Mc- 
Devitt- Wilson's, 30 Church Street, New York. pp. 142. 

Government Ownership of Railways — Samuel C. Dunn. Appleton 
and Company. 400 pp. 

Government Ownership and Operation of Railways — Dr. John R. 
Commons, University of Wisconsin, Madison. 

Railroad Legislation to Date, December 10, 1919 — R. S. Lovett, 120 
Broadway, N. Y. 

The Plumb Plan of Railway Ownership — ^University Rural Social 
Science Files, No. 385. 

The Plumb Plan— The New Republic, August 20, 1919. 

The People's Plan for Railroad Legislation — Citizen's National Rail- 
road League, Boston. 

6. Water Power Monopoly in North Carolina — W. E. Price. North 
Carolina Club Year-Book, 1916-17. p. 17. 

4 



60 State Reconsteuction Studies 

Decision of Justice Clark in Southern Power Company Case; dis- 
senting opinion of Justice Allen — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 341. 

Concentration and Control — Charles R. Van Hise. Macmillan Com- 
pany, New York. 288 pp. 

Recent Newspaper Clippings — University Rural Social Science Files, 
Nos. 622; 331.89; 331.21; and 385.2. 

CooperatiTe Or^nization. April 19 

Co-operative Organization — a new form of business organization 
sanctioned by law: (1) distinctive characteristics; origin, forms, ex- 
tent at present; conditions opposed to rapid development in America; 
significance and outlook; (2) co-operative credit unions in North Caro- 
lina, which leads the Union, and why; co-operative production and 
distribution under state law and supervision, as, for instance, the 
state cotton warehouse system; (3) declaration of principles, policies, 
and plans. 

Bibliography 

1. Distinctive characteristics; origin, forms, extent at present, devel- 
opment in America, significance and outlook. 

Economics — Watson and Nearing. Macmillan Company, New York. 
493 pp. Chapters 35 and 56. 

Co-operation at Home and Abroad — C. R. Fay. Macmillan Company, 
New York. 403 pp. 

Co-operation in Danish Agriculture — Harald Faber. Longmans and 
Company, New York. 176 pp. 

Denmark's Remedies: Education and Co-operation — E. C. Branson. 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.43. 10 pp. 

A Credit Union Primer — Ham and Robinson. Russell Sage Founda- 
tion, 130 East Twenty-second Street, New York. 80 pp. 

Co-operative Purchasing and Marketing Organizations among Farm- 
ers in the United States — Jesness and Kerr. Bulletin 547, United 
States Department of Agriculture. 82 pp. 

Co-operation in Wisconsin — Hibbard and Hobson. University of 
Wisconsin Bulletin, Madison, Wis. pp. 44. 

Co-operation in Agriculture — C. Harold Powell. Macmillan Com- 
pany, New York. 324 pp. 

Organization of Rural Interests — T. N. Carver. Reprint from the 
1913 Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 

Co-operation in the United States — Cheves West Perky. Co-operative 
League of America, 70 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. 

Consumers' Co-operation — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 
630.4. 



!NoKTH Carolina Club, U. of ]^. C. 51 

2. Co-operation in North Carolina. 

The McRae Bill on Co-operative Credit Unions and Co-operative As- 
sociations — Chapter 115, North Carolina Public Laws, 1915. 

Co-operative Enterprise in North Carolina — L. P. Gwaltney, Jr. 
North Carolina Club Year-Book, 1915-16. 

North Carolina Credit Unions— John Sprunt Hill. University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 630.45. 

Newspaper clippings — Ibid. 

Interest Rates in North Carolina — E. C. Branson. University News 
Letter, Vol. II, Nos. 12 and 13, and Vol. Ill, No. 43. 

Federal Farm Land Banks — Newspaper clippings. University Rural 
Social Science Files, No. 630.45. 

Co-operative Enterprise in Catawba County — The University of 
North Carolina Record, July, 1914. 15 pp. 

The North Carolina Cotton "Warehouse System — Newspaper clippings. 
University Rural Social Science Files, No. 630.34. 

Social and Civic Organization. May 3 

1. Social organization — collective volunteer effort for community 
self-expression, self-direction, self-protection, culture, recreation, and 
the like — clubs of all sorts, community houses, law and order leagues, 
etc.; or to confer common benefits, as associated charities, public wel- 
fare allies, school betterment associations, etc.: (a) relatively numer- 
ous and active in our towns and cities; almost non-existent in our 
rural regions among some 18 hundred thousand people, and why; 
(b) the ills of social insulation and the cure; (c) the social signifi- 
cance of community fairs, county school commencements and the like; 

(d) the social unit plan of democratic development, as in Cincinnati; 

(e) other remedial agencies and measures. 

2. Civic organization: (a) the city, a stupendous modern phenome- 
non; creative causes and consequent ills; (b) the rapid urbanization 
of North Carolina, the facts, the causes, the relation to developing 
industrial life, social stability, law and order; (c) commission gov- 
ernment, the city-manager plan, the short ballot, etc.; (d) the prob- 
lems of family integrity, community health and wholesome recreation, 
and so on. 

Bibliogiaphj 

1. Social organization — meaning collective volunteer effort for com- 
munity self-expression, self-direction, self-protection, culture, recrea- 
tion, and the like; or to secure common advantages and confer com- 
mon benefits. 

Rural Life— Charles J. Galpin. The Century Company, New York. 
Chapters 8-10. 386 pp. 



52 State Reconstruction Studies 

Introduction to Rural Sociology — Vogt. Appleton and Company, 
New York. Chapters, 14-17. 443 pp. 

The North Carolina Scheme of Rural Development — B. C. Branson. 
National Social Work Conference, 315 Plymouth Court, Chicago. 

Organization of a Rural Community — T. N. Carver. Reprint from 
the 1914 Yearbook of United States Department of Agriculture. 58 pp. 

Mobilizing the Rural Community — B. L. Morgan. Extension Bulletin 
No. 23, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst. 54 pp. 

A Community Center — Henry E. Jackson. Macmillan Company, New 
York. 159 pp. 

Community Center Activities — C. A. Perry. 

Community Welfare in Kansas — Walter Burr. Extension Bulletin 
No. 4, Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan. 34 pp. 

Community Fairs and Their Educational Value — S. G. Rubinow. Ex- 
tension Circular No. 69, Agricultural Extension Service, Raleigh. 
14 pp. 

Discussion Subjects in Rural Community Meetings — Walter Burr, 
State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kansas. 

The Social Unit Organization of Cincinnati — William J. Norton. 
Helen S. Trounstine Foundation, 731 West Sixth Street, Cincinnati. 
4 pp. 

The Cincinnati Social Unit — Edward T. Devine. The Survey, Oc- 
tober 15, 1919. 

Social Work by Blocks — Literary Digest, December 6, 1919. 

Community Councils — Dr. Louis Levine. Press clipping. Uni- 
versity Rural Social Science Files, No. 367. 

Civic Organization 

National Municipal Review, 1919 files — University Rural Social Sci- 
ence Library. 

The City the Hope of Democracy — Howe. Scribner's Sons, New York. 
319 pp. 

The Challenge of the City — Josiah Strong. Missionary Education 
Movement of the United States and Canada, New York. 329 pp. 

The Challenge of the Country — G. Walter Fiske. Association Press, 
124 East Twenty-eighth Street, New York. 282 pp. 

The Rapid Urbanization of North Carolina — E. C. Branson. Uni- 
versity Rural Social Science Files, No. 360.14. 

Commission Form of City Government: The Wisconsin Law — James 
A. Frear, Secretary of State, Madison, Wis. 16 pp. 

What is the City-Manager Plan? — Herman G. James. Municipal 
Research Series, No. 6, University of Texas. 26 pp. 



J^ORTH Carolina Club, U. of JST, C. 53 

Commission-Manager Cities — The Short Ballot Bulletin, April, 1919. 

The Little Boss and the Big Manager — Metropolitan Magazine, No- 
vember, 1916. 

The Short Ballot — National Short Ballot Organization, 383 Fourth 
Avenue, New York. 31 pp. 

The First Short Ballot County — National Short Ballot Organization. 
15 pp. 

Town and City Utilities — Thorndike Saville. University Rural So- 
cial Science Files, No. 352.4. 

The Family — Thwing. Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Company, Boston. 
258 pp. 

Reasons for Municipal Ownership — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 352.2. 

Play and Recreation — Curtis. Ginn and Company, New York. 
265 pp. 

Play and Playgrounds — Bulletin Federal Bureau of Education, 
Library Leaflet No. 3, April, 1919. 

Organized Business and Life Committee 

Corporate Organization: Albert M. Coates, Chairman, Johnston 
County, Smithfield. 

Water Power in North Carolina: J. L. Stuckey, Johnston County, 
Smithfield. 

Cooperative Organization: C. F. Taylor, Wayne County, Pikeville. 

Social Organization: J. V. Baggett, Sampson Co., Salemburg, and 
J. B. Hicks, Vance County, Henderson. 

Civic Organization: W. B. Price, Rockingham County, Madison. 



54 State Reconstruction Studies 

CHAPTER XIII 
Civic Reform Studies: State and Local 

Outline 

1. State Problems. 

(1) A budget bureau and an executive budget, as in South Carolina, 
Virginia, and thirty-seven other states. 

(2) A state purchasing agent, as in Michigan and other states. 

(3) Uniform departmental and institutional accounting, as in 
Michigan and other states. 

(4) The consolidation of state boards, bureaus, and commissions, 
as in Illinois and Massachusetts. 

(5) The Australian ballot as in forty-six states; our state primary 
laws. 

(6) A state constabulary, as in Texas, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, 
New York. 

Bibliography 

Reading references on Civic Reforms, State and Local, for the North 
Carolina Club committee appointed to report to the club a State Re- 
construction Program in this field on May 17 and 31. All the books, 
bulletins, clippings, etc., are ready at hand in the seminar room of 
the University Rural Social Science Department. 

1. State Studies, (a) Consolidation of administrative departments; 
(b) Uniform departmental accounting and reporting; (c) A state 
purchasing agent; (d) A state budget; (e) The Australian ballot; 
our state primary law; (f) State constabularies; (g) A children's 
code commission, etc. 

(a) Administrative Consolidation in the Various States — Report of 
the New York Commission on State Reconstruction, October 10, 1919. 
pp. 235-301, and 411. 

Newspaper clippings — University Rural Social Science Files, 

No. 354.1. 

Administrative Consolidation in Illinois and other States — Report 
of the Illinois Committee on State Efficiency and Economy, pp. 7-30. 

Administrative Consolidation in State Governments — A. E. Buck. 
National Municipal Review, November, 1919. 28 pp. 

How It Works in Idaho — Governor D. W. Davis. Ibid. 

(b) Uniform Departmental Accounting in Michigan — Act No. 71, 
Public Acts of Michigan, 1919. 

(c) A State Purchasing Agent in Michigan — Act No. 61, Public Acts 
of Michigan, 1919. 

(d) State Budget Systems — Bulletins of the Massachusetts Consti- 
tutional Convention, 1917-18. pp. 51-105. 



North Carolina Club, U. of N. C. 55 

In New York, Report of the New York Reconstruction Commis- 
sion, October 10, 1919. pp. 301-365, 393. 

In Michigan — Act No. 98, Public Acts of Michigan, 1919. 

In Illinois — The Civil Administrative Code of Illinois, pp. 18-20. 

In Alabama — Legislative Message of Governor Thomas E. 

Kilby, July 8, 1919. pp. 4, 13, 15. 

In South Carolina — Budget Law of 1919. University Rural 

Social Science Files, No. 354.9. 

In Illinois. First Budget Report — Omar H. Wright, Director of 

Finance, 1919. 

A National Budget — Newspaper clippings. University Rural Social 
Science Files, No. 353.2. 

How the Biggest Business in the World is Run — Donald Wilhelm. 
Saturday Evening Post, December 15, 1919. 

A Little History of Pork — Chester Collins Maxey. National Muni- 
cipal Review, December, 1919. 

Budget Making as a Basis for Social Work — Allen and Blakey. The 
Survey, March 24, 1919. 

British Budget System — Herbert N. Casson. University Rural So- 
cial Science Files, No. 353.2. 

(e) The State Primary Law in North Carolina — Chapter 101, Pub- 
lic Laws of 1915. 

Discussion of — Newspaper clippings. University Rural Social 

Science Files, No. 324.34. 

The Australian Ballot in North Carolina — Press item. Ibid. 

American Ballot Laws, 1888-1910— Arthur Crosby Ludington. New 
York State Education Department, 1911. 30 cents. 

Organized Democracy: An introduction to the study of American 
politics — Frederick Albert Cleveland. Longmans and Company, New 
York, 1913. $2.50. 

Australian Ballot System — John Henry Wigmore. Boston Book 
Company, 1889. $1.50. 

(f) The County— H. S. Gilbertson. The National Short Ballot Or- 
ganization, New York. pp. 140. 

Local Government in Counties, Towns, and Villages — John A. Fairlie. 
The Century Company, New York. pp. 267-71. 

The Pennsylvania State Police — Saturday Evening Post, January 
19, 1918. 

The World's Work, January, 1918. 

The Cossacks and the Steel Strikers — Literary Digest, December 27, 
1919. 

New York State Troopers — Frank Parker Stockbridge. World's 
Work, January, 1918. 

Why New York Needs a State Police — Committee for a State Police, 
7 East Forty-second Street, New York. 



S6 State Keconstkuction Studies 

Upholding the Law in Tennessee — Newspaper clippings. University 
Rural Social Science Files, No. 352.41. 

(g) A Children's Code Commission — The Reconstruction Program 
of South Carolina, by Hastings H. Hart. pp. 15. 

Missouri Children's Cede Commission, 1918 — Executive OflSces, Jef- 
ferson City, Mo. pp. 231. 

Missouri Children's Bills— The Survey, June 21, 1919, 112 East Nine- 
teenth Street, New York. 

Justice and the Poor — Reginald Heber Smith. Carnegie Foundation 
for the Advancement of Learning, 576 Fifth Avenue, New York. 

Ontline 

2. County Problems. 

(1) Unified county government under responsible headship; county 
budgets. 

(2) Uniform county accounting and reporting, as in Ohio, Indiana, 
and other states. 

(3) The state-wide auditing of county accounts, as a bureau of the 
state auditor's oflBce, as in Ohio, Florida, Minnesota, Massachusetts, 
Wyoming, and other states. 

(4) A definitive extension of local self-rule, under state conditions, 
regulation, and supervision. 

(5) Our township incorporation law, and our community organiza- 
tion bureau; policies and plans, etc. 

Bibliography 

2. County Problems, (a) Unified county government under respon- 
sible headship; (b) Uniform county accounting and reporting; (c) 
Local self-rule; (d) TowTiship incorporation. 

(a) Local Government in Counties, Towns, and Villages — John A. 
Fairlie. The Century Company, New York. pp. 84, 91, 108, 112. 

The Jungle of County Government — E. C. Branson. The North Car- 
olina Club Year-Book on County Government and County Affairs in 
North Carolina, pp. 7-11. 

The County — H. S. Gilbertson. The National Short Ballot Associa- 
tion, New York. pp. 115, 175-80, 251-6. 

A Plan of Unified County Government, in County Administration — 
C. C. Maxey. Macmillan Company, New York. pp. 45-62. 

County Budgets, pp. 178-80— Ibid. 

Making the County Budget — Westchester Research Bureau, 15 Court 
Street, White Plains, New York. 20 pp. 

County Budgets and Their Construction — 0. G. Cartwright, Director 
Westchester Research Bureau, White Plains, New York. 



North Carolina Club, U. of IST. C. 57 

(b) North Carolina Club Year-Book on County Government and 
County Affairs in North Carolina, pp. 7-11, 80-92. 

Local Governments in Counties, Towns, and Villages — John A. 
Fairlie. Century Company, New York. pp. 255-63, 272. 

The County — H. S. Gilbertson. National Short Ballot Association, 
New York. pp. 122, 181, 184-5. 

The Illinois Law on Uniform Systems of Accounting and Reporting 
in County and Other Local Offices — University Rural Social Science 
Files, No. 352.63. 

County Accounting — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 
352.63. 

(c) Local Self-Rule, Legislation in Behalf of. 

In Nebraska — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 352.6. 

Report of the Committee on County Government, National Municipal 

League — Ibid. 

The County— H. S. Gilbertson. pp. 146-50. 

Local Government in Counties, Towns, and Villages — John A. 
Fairlie. pp. 33-53, 63, 229. 

Reforms Needed — University Rural Social Science Files, No. 352.62. 

Fee and Salary Systems — North Carolina Club Year-Book on 

County Government and County Affairs, pp. 69-80. 

The Short Ballot— Gilbertson's The County, pp. 169-70, 181. 

The Short Ballot in Various States — Bulletins of the Massachusetts 
Constitutional Convention, 1917-18. pp. 395-413. 

(d) The North Carolina Township Incorporation Law — Chapter 
128, Public Laws of North Carolina, 1917. 

North Carolina Club Year-Book on County Government and County 
Affairs, pp. 41-49. 

The North Carolina Scheme of Rural Development — E. C. Branson. 
National Social Work Conference, 315 Plymouth Court, Chicago. 

Civic Reforms Committee 

1. A Budget Bureau, State Purchasing Agent, and Uniform Depart- 
mental Accounting: M. M. Jernigan, Sampson County, Dunn. 

2. Consolidation of State Boards, the Australian Ballot, and Our 
State Primary Laws; a State Constabulary: W. D. Harris, Lee County, 
Sanford. 

3. Unified County Government, Uniform County Accounting and Re- 
porting, and State-Wide Auditing of County Accounts: Charles Nichols, 
Transylvania County, B'revard. 

4. Extension of Local Self-Rule, Township Incorporation Law, and 
Community Organization Bureau: J. T. Wilson, Forsyth County, Rural 
Hall. 



Extension'Series Records 



8. CooperatlTe Institntions Among the Fanners of Catawba County. 

Price .10. 

9. Syllabus of Home-County Club Studies. Price .25. 
12. The Teaching of County Geography. Price .20. 
14. The Enlargement of the NaTy. Price .25. 

16. Third Beads Institute. Price .10. 

17. The North Carolina Club Year Book, 1915-1018. Price .25. 

20. Fourth Beads Institute. Price .10. 

21. Measurement of AchleTement In the Fundamental Elementary 

School Subjects. Price .20. 

22. Public Discussion and Debate. (Revised.) Price .25. 

23. The North Carolina Club Tear Book, 1916-1917. Price .25. 

24k Correspondence Courses and Extension Lectures, 1917-1918. 

Price .20. 

25. Local Study Clubs. Price .25. 

26. Compulsory Arbitration of Industrial Disputes. Price .25. 

27. Standard Educational Tests and Measurements as a Basis for a 

Cooperatire Besearch Flan. Price .20. 

28. Fifth Beads Institute. Price .10. 

29. Comparatiye Besults of a State-wide Use of Standard Tests and 

Measurements. Price .20. 

30. The North CaroUna Club Tear Book, 1917-1918. Price .75. 

31. Compulsory Military Training. Price .25. 

32. A Study of the Public Schools of Orange County, N. C. Price .25. 

33. Immigration Bestriction. Price .25. 

35. State Beconstruction Studies of the North Carolina Club. 
Price .50. 



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